The vulnerability of a fish stock to becoming overfished is dependent upon biological traits that influence productivity and external factors that determine susceptibility or exposure to fishing effort. While a suite of life history traits are traditionally incorporated into management efforts due to their direct association with vulnerability to overfishing, spawning behavioral traits are seldom considered. We synthesized the existing biological and fisheries information of 28 fish stocks in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico to investigate relationships between life history traits, spawning behavioral traits, management regulations, and vulnerability to fishing during the spawning season. Our results showed that spawning behavioral traits were not correlated with life history traits but improved identification of species that have been historically overfished. Species varied widely in their intrinsic vulnerability to fishing during spawning in association with a broad range of behavioral strategies. Extrinsic vulnerability was high for nearly all species due to exposure to fishing during the spawning season and few management measures in place to protect spawning fish. Similarly, several species with the highest vulnerability scores were historically overfished in association with spawning aggregations. The most vulnerable species included several stocks that have not been assessed and should be prioritized for further research and monitoring. Collectively, the results of this study illustrate that spawning behavior is a distinct aspect of fish ecology that is important to consider for predictions of vulnerability and resilience to fisheries exploitation.

中文翻译：

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产卵行为在了解美国墨西哥湾被开发的海洋鱼类脆弱性方面的重要性

鱼类种群对过度捕捞的脆弱性取决于影响生产力的生物特征和决定捕捞努力易感性或暴露程度的外部因素。虽然传统上将一系列生活史特征纳入管理工作，因为它们与过度捕捞的脆弱性直接相关，但很少考虑产卵行为特征。我们综合了美国墨西哥湾 28 种鱼类的现有生物和渔业信息，以调查生活史特征、产卵行为特征、管理规定和产卵季节捕鱼脆弱性之间的关系。我们的结果表明，产卵行为特征与生活史特征无关，但改善了对历史上过度捕捞的物种的识别。与广泛的行为策略相关的物种在产卵期间对捕鱼的内在脆弱性差异很大。由于在产卵季节暴露在捕鱼中，并且很少有保护产卵鱼的管理措施，几乎所有物种的外在脆弱性都很高。同样，具有最高脆弱性评分的几个物种历来因产卵聚集而被过度捕捞。最脆弱的物种包括一些尚未评估的种群，应优先进行进一步研究和监测。集体，