Dragline silk of golden orb-weaver spiders (Nephilinae) is noted for its unsurpassed toughness, combining extraordinary extensibility and tensile strength, suggesting industrial application as a sustainable biopolymer material. To pinpoint the molecular composition of dragline silk and the roles of its constituents in achieving its mechanical properties, we report a multiomics approach, combining high-quality genome sequencing and assembly, silk gland transcriptomics, and dragline silk proteomics of four Nephilinae spiders. We observed the consistent presence of the MaSp3B spidroin unique to this subfamily as well as several nonspidroin SpiCE proteins. Artificial synthesis and the combination of these components in vitro showed that the multicomponent nature of dragline silk, including MaSp3B and SpiCE, along with MaSp1 and MaSp2, is essential to realize the mechanical properties of spider dragline silk.

金色圆织蜘蛛 (Nephilinae) 的牵引丝以其无与伦比的韧性而著称，结合了非凡的延展性和拉伸强度，表明其作为可持续生物聚合物材料的工业应用。为了查明牵引丝的分子组成及其成分在实现其机械性能方面的作用，我们报告了一种多组学方法，结合了四种 Nephilinae 蜘蛛的高质量基因组测序和组装、丝腺转录组学和牵引丝蛋白质组学。我们观察到该亚科独有的 MaSp3B 蜘蛛蛋白以及几种非蜘蛛蛋白 SpiCE 蛋白的一致存在。体外人工合成和这些组分的组合表明，拉丝的多组分性质，包括 MaSp3B 和 SpiCE，以及​​ MaSp1 和 MaSp2，