How might histories of fascism in interwar Europe help us today? Languages of ‘fascism’ are now constantly in play – as warning and slogan; as emotional rallying-point; as rhetorics of recognition and abuse; as a boundary of legitimate politics – but rarely as carefully informed argument. For effective politics, we need historically grounded analysis that can avert tendentious and direct linkages that may be emotionally satisfying, but stop short of showing how fascism builds its appeal. What makes it seem a desirable ‘extra-systemic’ solution, as an alternative to the practices of democratic constitutionalism? What kind of crisis brings fascism onto the agenda?

中文翻译：

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什么是法西斯主义，它从何而来？

二战期间欧洲的法西斯主义历史对今天的我们有何帮助？“法西斯主义”的语言现在一直在发挥作用——作为警告和口号；作为情感集结点；作为承认和虐待的言辞；作为合法政治的边界——但很少有经过深思熟虑的论证。对于有效的政治，我们需要以历史为基础的分析，以避免可能在情感上令人满意的倾向性和直接联系，但不能展示法西斯主义如何建立其吸引力。是什么让它看起来是一个理想的“超系统”解决方案，作为民主宪政实践的替代方案？什么样的危机将法西斯主义提上议事日程？