Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) has been reported after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this review, we systematically included worldwide reported cases on this association. We included 30 case reports (pediatric and adults) and explored epidemiological and clinical evidence. We described time to diagnosis, clinical, imaging, and laboratory features, response to treatment regimens, and differences regarding severity. Also, an original case report was presented. Neurologists must be alert to the occurrence of multifocal neurological symptoms with or without encephalopathy in patients recovered from COVID-19. Timely MRI studies should be performed to establish the diagnosis and to consider early corticosteroid-based treatment.

继 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 之后，又报告了急性播散性脑脊髓炎 (ADEM)。在这篇综述中，我们系统地纳入了世界范围内关于该关联的报告病例。我们纳入了 30 份病例报告（儿童和成人），并探讨了流行病学和临床证据。我们描述了诊断时间、临床、影像学和实验室特征、对治疗方案的反应以及严重程度的差异。此外，还提供了一份原始病例报告。神经科医生必须警惕 COVID-19 康复患者出现伴或不伴脑病的多灶性神经系统症状。应及时进行 MRI 研究以确定诊断并考虑早期以皮质类固醇为基础的治疗。