In this study we present the seasonal chemical characteristics and potential sources of PM₁₀ at an urban location of Delhi, India during 2010˗2019. The concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and water insoluble organic carbon (WIOC)] and elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cr, F, Cl, Br, P, S, K, As, Na, Mg, Ca, B, Ni, Mo, V, Sr, Zr and Rb) in PM₁₀ were estimated to explore their possible sources. The annual average concentration (2010–2019) of PM₁₀ was computed as 227 ± 97 µg m⁻³ with a range of 34˗734 µg m⁻³. The total carbonaceous aerosols in PM₁₀ was accounted for 22.5% of PM₁₀ mass concentration, whereas elements contribution to PM₁₀ was estimated to be 17% of PM₁₀. The statistical analysis of OC vs. EC and OC vs. WSOC of PM₁₀ reveals their common sources (biomass burning and/or fossil fuel combustion) during all the seasons. Enrichment factors (EFs) of the elements and the relationship of Al with other crustal metals (Fe, Ca, Mg and Ti) of PM₁₀ indicates the abundance of mineral dust over Delhi. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted the five major sources [industrial emission (IE), biomass burning + fossil fuel combustion (BB + FFC), soil dust, vehicular emissions (VE) and sodium and magnesium salts (SMS)] of PM₁₀ in Delhi, India. Back trajectory and cluster analysis of airmass parcel indicate that the pollutants approaching to Delhi are mainly from Pakistan, IGP region, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.

在这项研究中，我们介绍了2010 年和 2019 年印度德里城市的季节性化学特征和 PM ₁₀的潜在来源。碳质气溶胶[有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）、水溶性有机碳（WSOC）和水不溶性有机碳（WIOC）]和元素（Al、Fe、Ti、Cu、Zn、Mn、Pb）的浓度估算了PM ₁₀中的 Cr、F、Cl、Br、P、S、K、As、Na、Mg、Ca、B、Ni、Mo、V、Sr、Zr 和 Rb），以探索其可能的来源。 PM ₁₀年平均浓度（2010-2019 年）计算为 227 ± 97 µg m ⁻³，范围为 34˗734 µg m ⁻³。 PM ₁₀中的总碳质气溶胶占 PM ₁₀质量浓度的 22.5%，而元素对 PM ₁₀的贡献估计为 PM ₁₀的 17% 。 PM _{10的 OC}与EC 和 OC与WSOC的统计分析揭示了它们在所有季节的共同来源（生物质燃烧和/或化石燃料燃烧）。 PM ₁₀的元素富集因子 (EF) 以及 Al 与其他地壳金属（Fe、Ca、Mg 和 Ti）的关系表明德里上空矿物尘埃的丰度。主成分分析（PCA）提取PM ₁₀的5个主要来源【工业排放（IE）、生物质燃烧+化石燃料燃烧（BB+FFC）、土壤扬尘、车辆排放（VE）和钠镁盐（SMS）】在印度德里。气团回溯轨迹和聚类分析表明，接近德里的污染物主要来自巴基斯坦、IGP地区、阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾。