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Unboxing dendritic cells: Tales of multi-faceted biology and function
Immunology ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 , DOI: 10.1111/imm.13394
Heather M Giza 1 , Leonia Bozzacco 2
Affiliation  

Often referred to as the bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that constitute a unique, yet complex cell system. Among other APCs, DCs display the unique property of inducing protective immune responses against invading microbes, or cancer cells, while safeguarding the proper homeostatic equilibrium of the immune system and maintaining self-tolerance. Unsurprisingly, DCs play a role in many diseases such as autoimmunity, allergy, infectious disease and cancer. This makes them attractive but challenging targets for therapeutics. Since their initial discovery, research and understanding of DC biology have flourished. We now recognize the presence of multiple subsets of DCs distributed across tissues. Recent studies of phenotype and gene expression at the single cell level have identified heterogeneity even within the same DC type, supporting the idea that DCs have evolved to greatly expand the flexibility of the immune system to react appropriately to a wide range of threats. This review is meant to serve as a quick and robust guide to understand the basic divisions of DC subsets and their role in the immune system. Between mice and humans, there are some differences in how these subsets are identified and function, and we will point out specific distinctions as necessary. Throughout the text, we are using both fundamental and therapeutic lens to describe overlaps and distinctions and what this could mean for future research and therapies.

中文翻译:


树突状细胞拆箱:多方面生物学和功能的故事



树突状细胞(DC)通常被称为先天性免疫和适应性免疫之间的桥梁,是专业的抗原呈递细胞(APC),构成了独特而复杂的细胞系统。在其他 APC 中,DC 表现出独特的特性,可以诱导针对入侵微生物或癌细胞的保护性免疫反应,同时维护免疫系统的适当稳态平衡并保持自我耐受。毫不奇怪,DC 在许多疾病中发挥着作用,如自身免疫、过敏、传染病和癌症。这使得它们成为有吸引力但具有挑战性的治疗靶点。自最初发现以来,对 DC 生物学的研究和理解蓬勃发展。我们现在认识到分布在组织中的多个 DC 子集的存在。最近对单细胞水平的表型和基因表达的研究发现,即使在相同的 DC 类型内也存在异质性,这支持了 DC 已经进化到极大扩展了免疫系统的灵活性以对广泛的威胁做出适当反应的观点。这篇综述旨在作为了解 DC 亚群的基本划分及其在免疫系统中的作用的快速而有力的指南。在小鼠和人类之间,这些子集的识别和功能存在一些差异,我们将根据需要指出具体的区别。在整篇文章中,我们使用基础和治疗的视角来描述重叠和区别,以及这对未来的研究和治疗意味着什么。
更新日期:2021-07-26
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