Neutral atoms are promising for large-scale quantum computing, but accurate neutral-atom entanglement depends on large Rydberg interactions which strongly limit the interatomic distances. Via a phase accumulation in detuned Rabi cycles enabled by a Rydberg interaction of similar magnitude to the Rydberg Rabi frequency, we study a controlled-phase gate with an arbitrary phase and extend it to the controlled-not gate. The gates need only three steps for coupling one Rydberg state, depend on an easily accessible van der Waals interaction that naturally arises between distant atoms, and have no rotation error in the weak interaction regime. Importantly, they can work with very weak interactions so that well-separated qubits can be entangled. The gates are sensitive to the irremovable fluctuation of Rydberg interactions, but can still have a fidelity over 98% with realistic position fluctuation of qubits separated over 20 $\mu \mathrm{m}$.

中文翻译：

---

中性里德堡原子具有弱范德华相互作用的量子门

中性原子有望用于大规模量子计算，但准确的中性原子纠缠依赖于强烈限制原子间距离的大型里德堡相互作用。通过与里德堡拉比频率相似幅度的里德堡相互作用使失谐拉比循环中的相位累积，我们研究了具有任意相位的受控相位门，并将其扩展到受控-非门。门只需要三个步骤来耦合一个里德堡态，依赖于在远距离原子之间自然产生的容易获得的范德华相互作用，并且在弱相互作用状态下没有旋转误差。重要的是，它们可以处理非常弱的相互作用，因此可以纠缠分离良好的量子位。门对 Rydberg 相互作用的不可消除的波动很敏感，但仍然可以有超过 98% 的保真度，量子比特的实际位置波动间隔超过 20$\mu \mathrm{米}$.