ABSTRACT

In the early 1960s, colleges and universities in the United States launched dozens of new pre-college programmes for low-income and predominantly African American high school students. Many of these initiatives were inspired by the civil rights movement. Moved by the sit-ins, marches and boycotts that had riveted the nation, a range of educators – mostly university professors and administrators – created new programmes to help students ill-served by school systems marked by racism and inequality. Many of the leaders of these initiatives hoped not only to support particular students but also to make the United States a more just and equal society and to change the university by opening the door to a more diverse student body. Nevertheless, most pre-college programmes operated under a flawed conception of disadvantage that individualised the ‘disadvantaged student’ and thus disconnected African American young people from the histories and contemporary struggles of their communities.

摘要

在 1960 年代初期，美国的学院和大学为低收入和主要是非裔美国人的高中生推出了数十个新的大学预科课程。其中许多倡议受到民权运动的启发。为震惊全国的静坐、游行和抵制活动所感动，一系列教育工作者——主要是大学教授和行政人员——制定了新的计划，以帮助因种族主义和不平等现象而受到学校系统不良服务的学生。这些倡议的许多领导人不仅希望支持特定的学生，而且希望使美国成为一个更加公正和平等的社会，并通过向更加多元化的学生群体敞开大门来改变大学。尽管如此，