Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing epidemic that encompasses three distinct clinical phenotypes: uncomplicated fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NASH-related cirrhosis with its complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma. To date, no pharmacological treatments have been approved and lifestyle modifications including reduced caloric intake targeting a 7%-10% weight loss from baseline assessment represent the standard approach. Mediterranean diet has been recommended as the best dietary pattern since it is easy to follow and, independently of caloric intake its nutritional components have beneficial metabolic effects that not only improve steatosis but also risk factors for cardiovascular events, the leading cause of morbidity/mortality in individuals with NAFLD. Other dietary patterns such as ketogenic diet and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet can be used in patients with NAFLD. Recently, intermittent fasting diets have gained popularity among healthy individuals and have been proposed as a safe and effective treatment for the metabolic syndrome in experimental and in a few human studies. In this narrative review, we aim to summarize the evidence for the available dietary approaches for patients with NAFLD.

中文翻译：

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NAFLD 患者是否有“理想”饮食？

非酒精性脂肪性肝病 (NAFLD) 是一种日益流行的流行病，包括三种不同的临床表型：单纯性脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎 (NASH) 和 NASH 相关肝硬化及其并发症，包括肝细胞癌。迄今为止，尚未批准任何药物治疗，生活方式的改变，包括减少热量摄入，目标是从基线评估中减轻 7%-10% 的体重，代表了标准方法。地中海饮食被推荐为最佳饮食模式，因为它易于遵循，并且独立于热量摄入，其营养成分具有有益的代谢作用，不仅可以改善脂肪变性，还可以降低心血管事件的危险因素，心血管事件是导致发病率/死亡率的主要原因NAFLD 患者。其他饮食模式，如生酮饮食和停止高血压的饮食方法 (DASH) 饮食可用于 NAFLD 患者。最近，间歇性禁食饮食在健康个体中广受欢迎，并在实验和一些人体研究中被提议作为代谢综合征的安全有效治疗方法。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们旨在总结 NAFLD 患者可用饮食方法的证据。