Introduction: Extraneural/-cranial metastases (ENM) of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are rare and may be diagnostically challenging. We describe the cytomorphological and pertinent clinical features of ENM in a case series assessed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). A search of the laboratory information systems of 2 tertiary care centers in Toronto (2000–2015) was performed. Cases with direct extracranial/-spinal extension of CNS neoplasms were excluded. Microscopic slides of FNA and surgical specimens were reviewed. Demographic and clinicopathological data were retrieved. Case Presentation: Six cases were identified with the original diagnoses of glioblastoma, glioblastoma with primitive neuroectodermal tumor-like components, anaplastic ependymoma, myxopapillary ependymoma, atypical meningioma, and hemangiopericytoma. Median patient age at first diagnosis was 44 years (range 22–56). The time interval between initial diagnosis and first metastatic disease manifestation was 3 months to 19 years. All FNA diagnoses were rendered correctly. In 4 cases, immunohistochemistry was used to support the diagnosis. All cases had prior surgical intervention at the primary tumor site. In 4 cases, the ENM location was the ipsilateral parotid or buccal area. Two primary tumors in midline location developed ENM in the scapular area. Discussion/Conclusion: ENM are a rare manifestation of a range of different primary CNS tumors and may involve the ipsilateral head and neck mimicking clinically a salivary gland neoplasm. FNA can rapidly discriminate ENM from other, potentially more indolent conditions. Awareness of the clinical history is paramount to avoid diagnostic confusion.
Acta Cytologica

中文翻译：

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非血淋巴原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤神经外转移的细胞学：六例组织病理学相关性和文献更新

简介：原发性中枢神经系统 (CNS) 肿瘤的神经外/颅内转移 (ENM) 很少见，并且可能在诊断上具有挑战性。我们通过细针抽吸 (FNA) 评估的病例系列描述了 ENM 的细胞形态学和相关临床特征。对多伦多 2 个三级护理中心（2000-2015 年）的实验室信息系统进行了检索。中枢神经系统肿瘤直接延伸至颅外/脊柱的病例被排除。对 FNA 和手术标本的显微镜载玻片进行了审查。检索了人口统计学和临床​​病理学数据。病例介绍： 6例最初诊断为胶质母细胞瘤、具有原始神经外胚层肿瘤样成分的胶质母细胞瘤、间变性室管膜瘤、粘液乳头状室管膜瘤、非典型脑膜瘤和血管外皮细胞瘤。首次诊断时患者的中位年龄为 44 岁（范围 22-56 岁）。初次诊断和首次出现转移性疾病表现之间的时间间隔为3个月至19年。所有 FNA 诊断均正确呈现。4例采用免疫组织化学检查支持诊断。所有病例均在原发肿瘤部位接受过手术干预。4 例 ENM 位置为同侧腮腺或颊区。中线位置的两个原发性肿瘤在肩胛区出现 ENM。讨论/结论： ENM 是一系列不同原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤的罕见表现，可能涉及同侧头颈部，临床上类似于唾液腺肿瘤。FNA 可以快速区分 ENM 和其他可能更惰性的情况。了解临床病史对于避免诊断混乱至关重要。
细胞学学报