Direct ink writing (DIW) of geopolymers with desirable patterns, compositions, and properties holds great promise for sustainable concrete, porous adsorbent, and high-temperature ceramic. However, precisely constructing geopolymers by DIW is subject to the low viscosity of geopolymer inks and the limited choice of alkali metal ions. Here, we realize the production of high-quality geopolymer by adding suitable additives, where the modified Na-, K-, and Cs-based geopolymer inks show high yield stresses of 1002 Pa, 1590 Pa, and 165 Pa, respectively. The optimized rheological properties enable DIW of geopolymers with complex patterns, high spatial resolution, and controllable mechanical properties. Furthermore, we reveal the mechanism underlying the fracture behaviors of the 3D-printed geopolymers combining compression tests, theoretical models, and FEM analysis. Our results pave the way for designing high-quality geopolymer-based materials, which are critical for industrial applications and sustainable development.

具有理想图案、成分和特性的地质聚合物的直接墨水书写 (DIW) 为可持续混凝土、多孔吸附剂和高温陶瓷提供了广阔的前景。然而，通过DIW精确构建地质聚合物受制于地质聚合物油墨的低粘度和碱金属离子的有限选择。在这里，我们通过添加合适的添加剂实现了高质量地质聚合物的生产，其中改性 Na-、K- 和 Cs 基地质聚合物油墨显示出 1002  Pa、1590  Pa 和 165 的高屈服应力 分别是帕。优化的流变特性使地质聚合物的 DIW 具有复杂的图案、高空间分辨率和可控的机械性能。此外，我们结合压缩测试、理论模型和 FEM 分析揭示了 3D 打印地质聚合物断裂行为的潜在机制。我们的研究结果为设计对工业应用和可持续发展至关重要的高质量地质聚合物材料铺平了道路。