PFAs (poly and perfluoroalkyl compounds) are hazardous and bioaccumulative chemicals that do not readily biodegrade or neutralize under normal environmental conditions. They have various industrial, commercial, domestic and defence applications. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, there are around 4700 PFAs registered to date. They are present in every stream of life, and they are often emerging and are even difficult to be detected by the standard chemical methods. This review aims to focus on the sources of various PFAs and the toxicities they impose on the environment and especially on humankind. Drinking water, food packaging, industrial areas and commercial household products are the primary PFAs sources. Some of the well-known treatment methods for remediation of PFAs presented in the literature are activated carbon, filtration, reverse osmosis, nano filtration, oxidation processes etc. The crucial stage of handling the PFAs occurs in determining and analysing the type of PFA and its remedy. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of determination & tools, and techniques for remediation of PFAs in the environment. Improving new treatment methodologies that are economical and sustainable are essential for excluding the PFAs from the environment.

PFA（聚和全氟烷基化合物）是危险的生物累积性化学品，在正常环境条件下不易生物降解或中和。它们具有各种工业、商业、家庭和国防应用。根据经济合作与发展组织的数据，迄今为止，大约有 4700 个 PFA 注册。它们存在于生命的每一条河流中，而且它们经常出现，甚至很难通过标准化学方法检测到。本综述旨在关注各种 PFA 的来源及其对环境，尤其是对人类的毒性。饮用水、食品包装、工业领域和商业家用产品是 PFA 的主要来源。文献中介绍的一些众所周知的 PFA 修复处理方法是活性炭、过滤、反渗透、纳米过滤、氧化过程等。处理 PFA 的关键阶段发生在确定和分析 PFA 的类型及其补救。本文提供了对环境中 PFA 修复的确定和工具以及技术的最新评论。改进经济且可持续的新处理方法对于将 PFA 排除在环境中至关重要。和修复环境中 PFA 的技术。改进经济且可持续的新处理方法对于将 PFA 排除在环境中至关重要。和修复环境中 PFA 的技术。改进经济且可持续的新处理方法对于将 PFA 排除在环境中至关重要。