This study revisits the nexus between energy consumption and economic growth by considering several energy use types (i.e., total energy, fossil fuel energy, and renewable energy). For this purpose, a dynamic fixed effects (DFE) estimator is applied to the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model built on an extended version of the neoclassical production function. This study examines a global sample of 107 countries during 1996–2014, classified into three subsamples of countries based on income level. Overall, the findings show that, in the short run, the use of total energy and fossil fuel energy significantly and positively contribute to higher income in total and per-capita terms. However, the growth effects of renewable energy consumption appear to vary across subsamples. In the long run, the impacts of energy on economic growth are mostly insignificant, supporting the view that conservative energy policies do not harm economic growth.

本研究通过考虑几种能源使用类型（即总能源、化石燃料能源和可再生能源）重新审视能源消费和经济增长之间的关系。为此，动态固定效应 (DFE) 估计器应用于建立在新古典生产函数的扩展版本上的自回归分布滞后 (ARDL) 模型。本研究调查了 1996-2014 年间 107 个国家的全球样本，根据收入水平分为三个国家子样本。总体而言，研究结果表明，在短期内，总能源和化石燃料能源的使用对提高总收入和人均收入有显着和积极的贡献。然而，可再生能源消费的增长效应似乎因子样本而异。从长远来看，