Multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has emerged as a promising new technique for high-resolution quantification of hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in the mouse brain. In this work, we have extended the scope of multi-parametric PAM to longitudinal, cortex-wide, awake-brain imaging with the use of a long-lifetime (24 weeks), wide-field (5 × 7 mm²), light-weight (2 g), dual-transparency (i.e., light and ultrasound) cranial window. Cerebrovascular responses to the window installation were examined in vivo, showing a complete recovery in 18 days. In the 22-week monitoring after the recovery, no dura thickening, skull regrowth, or changes in cerebrovascular structure and function were observed. The promise of this technique was demonstrated by monitoring vascular and metabolic responses of the awake mouse brain to ischemic stroke throughout the acute, subacute, and chronic stages. Side-by-side comparison of the responses in the ipsilateral (injury) and contralateral (control) cortices shows that despite an early recovery of cerebral blood flow and an increase in microvessel density, a long-lasting deficit in cerebral oxygen metabolism was observed throughout the chronic stage in the injured cortex, part of which proceeded to infarction. This longitudinal, functional-metabolic imaging technique opens new opportunities to study the chronic progression and therapeutic responses of neurovascular diseases.

多参数光声显微镜 (PAM) 已成为一种很有前途的新技术，可用于高分辨率量化小鼠大脑中的血流动力学和氧代谢。在这项工作中，我们使用长寿命（24 周）、宽视野（5 × 7 mm ²）、光-重量（2 克），双透明（即光和超声）颅窗。在体内检查了对窗户安装的脑血管反应，显示在 18 天内完全恢复。康复后22周监测，未见硬脑膜增厚、颅骨再生、脑血管结构和功能改变。通过监测清醒小鼠大脑在急性、亚急性和慢性阶段对缺血性中风的血管和代谢反应，证明了这项技术的前景。同侧（损伤）和对侧（对照）皮质反应的并排比较表明，尽管脑血流早期恢复并且微血管密度增加，但在整个过程中观察到脑氧代谢的长期不足受损皮质的慢性阶段，其中一部分进展为梗塞。这种纵向，