Relatively little research has examined the precise components of hopelessness that increase vulnerability to suicidal thinking. We examined whether certainty about an absence of positive future outcomes (Certainty-AP) would more strongly predict suicide ideation over time than certainty about negative future outcomes (Certainty-N).

中文翻译：

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确定消极事件会发生或积极事件不会发生：抑郁预测确定性和自杀观念随时间的变化

相对较少的研究检查了绝望的确切组成部分，这些组成部分增加了自杀念头的脆弱性。我们检查了关于没有积极未来结果的确定性 (Certainty-AP) 是否会比关于消极未来结果的确定性 (Certainty-N) 更能预测随时间推移的自杀意念。