Discovery and confirmation of the shortest gamma-ray burst from a collapsar,Nature Astronomy

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Discovery and confirmation of the shortest gamma-ray burst from a collapsar
Nature Astronomy ( IF 14.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 , DOI: 10.1038/s41550-021-01428-7
Tomás Ahumada _{1,

2,

3} , Geoffrey Ryan _{1,

2} , Virginia Cunningham _{1,

2} , Simone Dichiara _{1,

2} , Erica Hammerstein ₁ , Eleonora Troja _{1,

2} , Leo P. Singer _{2,

4} , S. Bradley Cenko _{2,

4} , Shreya Anand ₅ , Mansi M. Kasliwal ₅ , Igor Andreoni ₅ , Christoffer Fremling ₅ , Kishalay De ₅ , Pradip Gatkine ₅ , Bryce Bolin ₅ , Dmitry A. Duev ₅ , Matthew Graham ₅ , Viraj Karambelkar ₅ , S. R. Kulkarni ₅ , Ashish Mahabal ₅ , Michael W. Coughlin ₆ , Harsh Kumar ₇ , Varun Bhalerao ₇ , Peter T. H. Pang _{8,

9} , Eric Burns ₁₀ , Tim Dietrich _{11,

12} , Anna Ridnaia ₁₂ , Dmitry S. Svinkin ₁₃ , Dmitry Frederiks ₁₃ , Anastasia Tsvetkova ₁₃ , Mouza Almualla ₁₄ , Alberto J. Castro-Tirado _{15,

16} , Rachel Dunwoody ₁₇ , Joseph Mangan ₁₇ , Sheila McBreen ₁₇ , Shabnam Iyyani ₁₈ , Dan Perley ₁₉ , Sonalika Purkayastha ₂₀ , Poonam Chandra ₂₀ , Eric Bellm ₂₁ , Mattia Bulla ₂₂ , Christopher Cannella ₂₃ , Avishay Gal-Yam ₂₄ , Maayane Soumagnac _{24,

25} , Anna Y. Q. Ho _{26,

27} , Kevin Hurley ₂₈ , Erik C. Kool ₂₉ , Frank Masci ₃₀ , Benjamin Rusholme ₃₀ , Shashi B. Pandey ₃₁ , Simeon Reusch _{32,

33} , Robert Stein _{32,

33} , Philippe Rosnet ₃₄ , Ana Sagués Carracedo ₃₅ , Roger Smith ₃₆ , Richard Walters ₃₆ , Azamat F. Valeev _{37,

38}

Affiliation

Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
Nikhef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Potsdam, Germany
Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Physics Department, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain
Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, Escuela de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Málaga, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Málaga, Spain
School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, India
Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Pune, India
DIRAC Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Department of Astronomy, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden
IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital, India
Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen, Germany
Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden
Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Arkhyz, Russia
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nauchnyi, Russia

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the brightest and most energetic events in the Universe. The duration and hardness distribution of GRBs has two clusters¹, now understood to reflect (at least) two different progenitors². Short-hard GRBs (SGRBs; T₉₀ < 2 s) arise from compact binary mergers, and long-soft GRBs (LGRBs; T₉₀ > 2 s) have been attributed to the collapse of peculiar massive stars (collapsars)³. The discovery of SN 1998bw/GRB 980425 (ref. ⁴) marked the first association of an LGRB with a collapsar, and AT 2017gfo (ref. ⁵)/GRB 170817A/GW170817 (ref. ⁶) marked the first association of an SGRB with a binary neutron star merger, which also produced a gravitational wave. Here, we present the discovery of ZTF20abwysqy (AT2020scz), a fast-fading optical transient in the Fermi satellite and the Interplanetary Network localization regions of GRB 200826A; X-ray and radio emission further confirm that this is the afterglow. Follow-up imaging (at rest-frame 16.5 days) reveals excess emission above the afterglow that cannot be explained as an underlying kilonova, but which is consistent with being the supernova. Although the GRB duration is short (rest-frame T₉₀ of 0.65 s), our panchromatic follow-up data confirm a collapsar origin. GRB 200826A is the shortest LGRB found with an associated collapsar; it appears to sit on the brink between a successful and a failed collapsar. Our discovery is consistent with the hypothesis that most collapsars fail to produce ultra-relativistic jets.

中文翻译：

坍缩星最短伽马射线暴的发现和确认

伽马射线暴 (GRB) 是宇宙中最明亮、最有活力的事件之一。GRBs 的持续时间和硬度分布有两个簇¹，现在理解为反映（至少）两个不同的祖先²。短硬伽马暴（SGRBs；T ₉₀ < 2 s）是由致密双星合并产生的，而长软伽马暴（LGRBs；T ₉₀ > 2 s）则归因于特殊大质量恒星（坍缩星）的坍缩³。SN 1998bw/GRB 980425（参考文献⁴）的发现标志着 LGRB 与塌陷星的首次关联，以及 AT 2017gfo（参考文献⁵）/GRB 170817A/GW170817（参考文献^{6 ）}) 标志着短暴与双中子星合并的首次关联，这也产生了引力波。在这里，我们介绍了 ZTF20abwysqy (AT2020scz) 的发现，它是费米卫星和 GRB 200826A 的行星际网络定位区域中的快速衰落光学瞬变；X 射线和无线电发射进一步证实这是余辉。后续成像（静止帧 16.5 天）显示余辉上方的过量发射不能解释为潜在的千新星，但与超新星是一致的。虽然 GRB 持续时间很短（休息帧T ₉₀0.65 s），我们的全色随访数据证实了塌陷的起源。GRB 200826A 是与塌陷星相关的最短的 LGRB；它似乎处于成功和失败的崩溃之间的边缘。我们的发现与大多数坍缩星无法产生超相对论喷流的假设一致。

更新日期：2021-07-26

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