Objective

Reference values utilizing the APDM MobilityLab® inertial sensor system have not been established in children and young adults ages 5−30. These values are necessary for clinicians and researchers to compare to children with balance impairments.

Methods

A group of 144 typically developing children and young adults from age 5–30 years completed the instrumented SWAY test during 6 test conditions: normal stance, firm surface, eyes open (EO) and closed (EC); normal stance, foam surface, EO and EC; and tandem stance, firm surface, EO and EC. Selected variables for normative outcomes included total sway area, and the mean, sagittal and coronal values for RMS sway, jerk, sway velocity and path length. Sex differences were examined within age groups via t tests. The effect of age on postural sway variables was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA for the mean values of total sway area, RMS sway, velocity and jerk, followed by post-hoc pairwise comparisons.

Results

All sway parameters decreased significantly with age (p < 0.0001). Adult-like total sway area and jerk were achieved by ages 9−10 except for jerk during EC on foam. RMS sway and sway velocity reached adult levels by ages 11−13 during all EO and tandem stance conditions, and 14−21 with EC during normal stance on firm and foam surfaces for RMS sway and EC on firm surfaces for velocity. Females ages 5−6 performed more poorly during EO firm and EC foam for certain variables, but better during EO tandem and females ages 7–13 outperformed males when sex differences were found.

Significance

These reference values can now be used by clinicians and researchers to evaluate abnormal postural sway and response to interventions in children and young adults.

中文翻译：

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使用惯性传感器测量典型发育儿童和年轻人姿势摇摆的规范数据库

 客观的

尚未在 5-30 岁的儿童和年轻人中建立使用 APDM MobilityLab® 惯性传感器系统的参考值。这些值对于临床医生和研究人员与有平衡障碍的儿童进行比较是必要的。

 方法

一组 144 名 5 至 30 岁正常发育的儿童和年轻人在 6 种测试条件下完成了仪器化 SWAY 测试：正常姿势、坚硬的表面、睁眼 (EO) 和闭眼 (EC)；正常姿势、泡沫表面、EO 和 EC；以及串联姿态、坚固表面、EO 和 EC。标准结果的选定变量包括总摇摆面积，以及 RMS 摇摆、加加速度、摇摆速度和路径长度的平均值、矢状值和冠状值。通过 t 检验检查年龄组内的性别差异。使用单向方差分析来分析年龄对姿势摇摆变量的影响，以获得总摇摆面积、RMS 摇摆、速度和加加速度的平均值，然后进行事后配对比较。

 结果

所有摇摆参数均随着年龄的增长而显着下降 (p < 0.0001)。除了使用泡沫进行 EC 期间的急动度外，9-10 岁时已达到与成人相似的总摇摆面积和急动度。在所有 EO 和串联站立条件下，RMS 摇摆和摇摆速度在 11−13 岁时达到成人水平，在 14−21 岁时，在坚硬和泡沫表面上的正常站立期间，EC 的 RMS 摇摆和 EC 在坚固表面上的速度达到成人水平。对于某些变量，5-6 岁的女性在 EO 硬体和 EC 泡沫期间表现较差，但在 EO 串联期间表现更好，并且当发现性别差异时，7-13 岁的女性表现优于男性。

 意义

现在，临床医生和研究人员可以使用这些参考值来评估儿童和年轻人的异常姿势摇摆和对干预措施的反应。