Humans are averse to both having less (i.e., disadvantageous inequity aversion [IA]) and having more than others (i.e., advantageous IA). However, the social-affective traits that drive individual differences in IA are not well understood. Here, by combining a modified dictator game and a computational model, we found in a sample of incarcerated adolescents (N = 67) that callous-unemotional traits were specifically associated with low advantageous but not disadvantageous IA. We replicated and extended the finding in a large-scale university student sample (N = 2,250) by adopting a dimensional approach to social-affective trait measures. We showed that advantageous IA was strongly and negatively associated with a trait dimension characterized by callousness and lack of social emotions (e.g., guilt and compassion). A supportive family environment negatively correlated with this trait dimension and positively with advantageous IA. These results identify a core set of social-affective dimensions specifically associated with advantageous IA.

人类既反对拥有更少（即不利的不公平厌恶 [IA]），也反对拥有比其他人更多的（即有利的 IA）。然而，导致 IA 个体差异的社会情感特征尚不清楚。在这里，通过结合修改后的独裁者游戏和计算模型，我们在一个被监禁的青少年样本 ( N = 67) 中发现，冷酷无情的特征与低优势但非劣势的 IA 密切相关。我们在大规模大学生样本（N= 2,250) 通过对社会情感特质测量采用维度方法。我们表明，有利的 IA 与以冷酷无情和缺乏社交情绪（例如，内疚和同情）为特征的特质维度强烈且负相关。支持性的家庭环境与这一特质维度呈负相关，而与有利的 IA 呈正相关。这些结果确定了一组与有利 IA 特别相关的核心社会情感维度。