The study was designed to examine the distribution and chemical coding of somatostatin-immunoreactive (SOM-IR) nerve fibers supplying the urinary bladder wall and to establish the distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of the subpopulation of paracervical ganglion (PCG) SOM-IR neurons projecting to this organ in female pigs. The PCG-urinary bladder projecting neurons (PCG-UBPN) were visualized with retrograde neuronal tracer Fast Blue (FB). Double-labeling immunohistochemistry performed on cryostat sections from the urinary bladder wall revealed that the greatest density of SOM-IR nerve fibers was found in the muscle layer and around blood vessels, a moderate number of these nerve terminals supplied the submucosa and only single SOM-IR axons were encountered beneath the urothelium. In all the investigated sections the vast majority of SOM-IR nerve fibers were immunopositive to vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and many SOM-IR axons contained immunoreactivity to neuropeptide Y (NPY). Approximately 65 % of FB-positive (FB+) PCG-UBPN were immunoreactive to SOM. Moreover, PCG FB+/SOM + nerve cells were simultaneously immunoreactive to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; 64.6 ± 0.6 %), NPY (59.7 ± 1.2 %), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; 46.1 ± 0.7 %), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP; 29.9 ± 2.2 %), Leu⁵-enkephalin (L-ENK; 19.5 ± 6.3 %), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH; 14.9 ± 1.9 %) or pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP; 14.8 ± 2.4 %). The present study reveals the extensive expression of SOM in both the nerve fibres supplying the porcine urinary bladder wall and the PCG neurons projecting to this organ, indicating an important regulatory role of SOM in the control of the urinary bladder function.

该研究旨在检查供应膀胱壁的生长抑素免疫反应 (SOM-IR) 神经纤维的分布和化学编码，并确定投射到膀胱壁的宫颈旁神经节 (PCG) SOM-IR 神经元亚群的分布和免疫组织化学特征。母猪的这个器官。用逆行神经元示踪剂 Fast Blue (FB) 可视化 PCG-膀胱投射神经元 (PCG-UBPN)。对来自膀胱壁的低温恒温器切片进行的双标记免疫组织化学显示，在肌肉层和血管周围发现了最大密度的 SOM-IR 神经纤维，中等数量的这些神经末梢供应了粘膜下层，并且只有单个 SOM-在尿路上皮下方遇到红外轴突。在所有研究的部分中，绝大多数 SOM-IR 神经纤维对囊泡乙酰胆碱转运蛋白 (VAChT) 呈免疫阳性，许多 SOM-IR 轴突含有对神经肽 Y (NPY) 的免疫反应性。大约 65% 的 FB 阳性 (FB+) PCG-UBPN 对 SOM 具有免疫反应性。此外，PCG FB+/SOM + 神经细胞同时对胆碱乙酰转移酶 (ChAT; 64.6 ± 0.6 %)、NPY (59.7 ± 1.2 %)、神经元一氧化氮合酶 (nNOS; 46.1 ± 0.7 %)、血管活性肠多肽 (VIP ; 29.9 ± 2.2 %), 亮氨酸^5-脑啡肽（L-ENK；19.5 ± 6.3 %）、多巴胺 β-羟化酶（DβH；14.9 ± 1.9 %）或垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽（PACAP；14.8 ± 2.4 %）。本研究揭示了 SOM 在供应猪膀胱壁的神经纤维和投射到该器官的 PCG 神经元中广泛表达，表明 SOM 在控制膀胱功能中具有重要的调节作用。