Abstract

In the winter months of 2018–2020, the Kola Branch of the Federal Research Center Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC GS RAS) carried out experiments on recording acoustic signals from triggered snow avalanches using infrasonic sensors. The purpose of the experiments was to assess the possibility of recording avalanches by the infrasound method in difficult Arctic conditions. To record the acoustic signals generated by movement of the snow mass along the slope, arrays of three spaced sensors (microphones or microbarographs) were used. At the first stage, a wired system based on a Baikal-8 digitizer was used. The experience of using a wired recording system revealed its main disadvantages due to the complexity of operational deployment of long wired lines and controlling their safety. To reduce the time spent on deploying the acoustic avalanche detection system and to improve the reliability and safety of the equipment, a wireless version of the infrasonic array was developed for temporary observations. The wireless system for recording infrasonic signals consists of three modular radio microphones, each of which includes the necessary functional blocks, arranged in a single housing, and transmits data via radio to a signal receiver—a base module that contains a controller that transmits received radio data from modular radio microphones into a computer for data collection and processing. This wireless mobile infrasound array was tested in several experiments on recording signals from triggered snow avalanches. As a result, infrasonic signal records were obtained at various distances from the avalanche; conclusions were drawn about the applicability of the infrasonic method and the performance characteristics of the selected scheme and equipment layout for recording the facts of avalanches. The results will eventually make it possible to develop and create a permanent infrasonic complex for monitoring avalanche activity in the Khibiny mountain range.

中文翻译：

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移动式次声雪崩监测系统：通用设计原理及结果应用

摘要

在 2018-2020 年冬季，俄罗斯科学院联邦研究中心地球物理调查 (FRC GS RAS) 科拉分部进行了使用次声传感器记录触发雪崩的声学信号的实验。实验的目的是评估在困难的北极条件下通过次声方法记录雪崩的可能性。为了记录雪块沿斜坡移动所产生的声学信号，使用了三个间隔传感器（麦克风或微型气压计）的阵列。在第一阶段，使用了基于 Baikal-8 数字化仪的有线系统。使用有线录音系统的经验揭示了其主要缺点是由于长有线线路的操作部署和控制其安全性的复杂性。为了减少部署声雪崩探测系统所花费的时间并提高设备的可靠性和安全性，开发了用于临时观测的次声阵列无线版本。用于记录次声信号的无线系统由三个模块化无线电麦克风组成，每个麦克风都包括必要的功能块，排列在一个外壳中，并通过无线电将数据传输到信号接收器 - 一个包含控制器的基本模块，用于传输接收到的无线电将来自模块化无线电麦克风的数据传输到计算机中进行数据收集和处理。这种无线移动次声阵列在记录触发雪崩信号的几个实验中进行了测试。结果，在距雪崩不同距离处获得了次声信号记录；就次声波方法的适用性以及所选择的记录雪崩事实的方案和设备布局的性能特点得出了结论。结果最终将有可能开发和创建一个永久性的次声复合体，用于监测 Khibiny 山脉的雪崩活动。