Neurofilament light (NfL) is a promising biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NfL was measured in a 24-month longitudinal cohort consisting of control (n = 52), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) (n = 55), and probable AD dementia (n = 28) individuals. The cohort was reevaluated after 6-10 years. Baseline CSF NfL was significantly elevated in aMCI and probable AD dementia groups compared to controls (p < 0.0001). CSF NfL was significantly lower in stable aMCI patients compared to aMCI patients who converted to probable AD dementia within the 24-month period (p = 0.004). Substituting T-tau for NfL in the core AD biomarkers model (Aβ42/P-tau/T-tau) did not improve ability to separate control and AD, or stable and converter aMCI patients. Our results support that elevated CSF NfL could predict progression in aMCI patients, but its utility cannot improve the core AD biomarkers.

神经丝光 (NfL) 是阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 中神经退行性变的有前途的生物标志物。在这项研究中，在一个 24 个月的纵向队列中测量脑脊液 (CSF) NfL，该队列由对照组 (n = 52)、遗忘性轻度认知障碍 (aMCI) (n = 55) 和可能的 AD 痴呆 (n = 28) 组成个人。该队列在 6-10 年后重新评估。与对照组相比，aMCI 和可能的 AD 痴呆组的基线 CSF NfL 显着升高（p < 0.0001）。与在 24 个月内转为可能的 AD 痴呆的 aMCI 患者相比，稳定的 aMCI 患者的 CSF NfL 显着降低（p = 0.004)。在核心 AD 生物标志物模型 (Aβ42/P-tau/T-tau) 中用 T-tau 代替 NfL 并没有提高分离对照和 AD 或稳定和转换 aMCI 患者的能力。我们的结果支持升高的 CSF NfL 可以预测 aMCI 患者的进展，但其效用不能改善核心 AD 生物标志物。