BACKGROUND Commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents (CSECA) is a worldwide problem. The need to improve current detection and intervention protocols motivated this analysis, which aimed to use expert opinion to identify indicators (symptoms, conduct, or behaviors) that may help to predict the risk of suffering CSECA and to detect those who are suffering from it, as well as the type of detection tools and protocols that should be used. METHOD An international multidisciplinary group of experts in CSECA was invited to take part in this study. A two-round digital Delphi panel was undertaken with 22 experts. An ad hoc questionnaire was created, which included 41 questions about CSECA risk factors and interventions that should be considered during detection. RESULTS The main indicators identified included normalization of dynamics of sexual exchange within the family, family history of sexual exploitation, and sexually transmitted infections. Predictive characteristics included economic extortion, lack of documentation, and family estrangement. Additionally, 95.5% of participants agreed that multiple victimizations in childhood should be considered for CSECA detection. CONCLUSIONS This study provides information that may be very useful in the development/improvement of instruments for CSECA detection. With this approach we hope to promote the creation of tools adapted to the Spanish cultural context.

中文翻译：

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儿童和青少年商业性剥削的风险因素：国际德尔福小组的结果。

背景 对儿童和青少年的商业性性剥削 (CSECA) 是一个世界性问题。改进当前检测和干预协议的需要激发了这一分析，其目的是使用专家意见来确定可能有助于预测患 CSECA 风险并检测患有 CSECA 的人的指标（症状、行为或行为），以及应该使用的检测工具和协议的类型。方法 CSECA 国际多学科专家组受邀参与本研究。由 22 位专家组成的两轮数字德尔福小组讨论会。创建了一个临时问卷，其中包括 41 个关于 CSECA 风险因素和在检测过程中应考虑的干预措施的问题。结果 确定的主要指标包括家庭内性交换动态的正常化、性剥削家族史和性传播感染。可预测的特征包括经济勒索、缺乏文件和家庭疏远。此外，95.5% 的参与者同意 CSECA 检测应考虑儿童时期的多重受害情况。结论 本研究提供的信息可能对 CSECA 检测仪器的开发/改进非常有用。通过这种方法，我们希望促进创建适合西班牙文化背景的工具。和家庭疏远。此外，95.5% 的参与者同意 CSECA 检测应考虑儿童时期的多重受害情况。结论 本研究提供的信息可能对 CSECA 检测仪器的开发/改进非常有用。通过这种方法，我们希望促进创建适合西班牙文化背景的工具。和家庭疏远。此外，95.5% 的参与者同意 CSECA 检测应考虑儿童时期的多重受害情况。结论 本研究提供的信息可能对 CSECA 检测仪器的开发/改进非常有用。通过这种方法，我们希望促进创建适合西班牙文化背景的工具。