The redox reaction pathway is crucial to the sustainable production of the fuels and chemicals required for a carbon-neutral society. Our society is becoming increasingly dependent on devices using batteries and electrolyzers, all of which rely on a series of redox reactions. The overall properties of oxide materials make them very well suited for such electrochemical and catalytic applications due to their associated cationic redox properties and the static site–adsorbate interactions. As these technologies have matured, it has become apparent that defect-driven redox reactions, defect-coupled diffusion, and structural transformations that are both time- and rate-dependent are also critical materials processes. This change in focus, considering not only redox properties but also more complex, dynamic behaviors, represents a new research frontier in the molecular sciences as they are strongly linked to device operation and degradation and lie at the heart of various phenomena that take place at electrochemical interfaces. Fundamental studies of the structural, electronic, and chemical transformation mechanisms are key to the advancement of materials and technological innovations that could be implemented in various electrochemical systems.

中文翻译：

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缺陷驱动的氧化物转化和电化学界面

氧化还原反应途径对于碳中和社会所需的燃料和化学品的可持续生产至关重要。我们的社会越来越依赖于使用电池和电解槽的设备，所有这些都依赖于一系列氧化还原反应。由于其相关的阳离子氧化还原特性和静态位点-吸附质相互作用，氧化物材料的整体特性使其非常适合此类电化学和催化应用。随着这些技术的成熟，很明显，缺陷驱动的氧化还原反应、缺陷耦合扩散以及与时间和速率相关的结构转变也是关键的材料工艺。这种焦点的变化，不仅考虑氧化还原特性，还考虑更复杂的动态行为，代表分子科学的一个新研究前沿，因为它们与器件操作和降解密切相关，并且是电化学界面上发生的各种现象的核心。结构、电子和化学转化机制的基础研究是材料进步和技术创新的关键，这些创新可以在各种电化学系统中实施。