We use data on all middle and high school aged children who survived a mass shooting incident on July 22, 2011 in Utøya, Norway, to understand how such events affect survivors, their families, and their peers. Using a difference-in-differences design to compare survivors to a matched control group, we find that in the short run children who survive have substantially lower GPA (nearly 0.5 SD) and increased utilization of health care services and more mental health diagnoses. In the medium run, survivors have fewer years of schooling completed and lower labor force participation. Parents and siblings of survivors are also impacted, experiencing substantial increases in doctor visits and mental health diagnoses. However, there appear to be limited impacts on school aged peers of survivors. While this event affected the entire country, we show that survivors and their families bear significant costs despite robust social safety nets and universal access to healthcare.

我们使用所有在 2011 年 7 月 22 日在挪威于特岛发生的大规模枪击事件中幸存下来的中学生和高中儿童的数据来了解此类事件如何影响幸存者、他们的家人和同龄人。使用差异中的差异设计将幸存者与匹配的对照组进行比较，我们发现在短期内幸存下来的儿童的 GPA 显着降低（接近 0.5 SD），并且增加了对医疗保健服务的利用和更多的心理健康诊断。从中期来看，幸存者完成学业的年数较少，劳动力参与率较低。幸存者的父母和兄弟姐妹也受到影响，就诊和心理健康诊断大幅增加。然而，对幸存者的学龄同龄人的影响似乎有限。虽然这次事件影响了整个国家，