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A new DNS formalism dedicated to turbulent two-phase flows with phase change
International Journal of Multiphase Flow ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103762
L. Germes Martinez 1 , B. Duret 1 , J. Reveillon 1 , F.X. Demoulin 1
Affiliation  

Phase change in multiphase flows occurs in many natural and industrial applications, e.g., rain formation, internal combustion engines, heat exchangers, multiphase reactors, etc. In dense two-phase flows, quantitative experimental results are scarce due to the complexity of the configuration and experimental techniques limitations. Hence, the interest in the direct numerical simulation of such flows has grown recently to better understand and access quantitative data in this kind of flows.

When simulating phase change in multiphase flows, advanced numerical method are needed to consider the jump conditions at the interface, and to ensure mass, energy, momentum and species conservation. In the literature, this problem is mainly investigated with an incompressible formalism. However, this assumption is not longer suitable for simulation of multiphase flows with phase change in enclosed environment or in atomized/aerated flows.

The purpose of this work is to present a numerical formalism dedicated to turbulent two phase flows, including acoustics and compressible effects with a proper treatment of the jump conditions at the interface due to phase change. To achieve this task, first, the incompressible level-set method for vaporizing two-phase flows proposed by Tanguy et al. (2007) is revisited and adapted to a mass conservative interface representation: The Coupled Level-set/Volume of Fluid method. In this context, evaporating static cylinder with a constant vaporization rate and a droplet vaporization (D2 law) have been performed as validation cases. Both cases illustrate the method accuracy and robustness in presence of velocity discontinuities at the interface due to the presence of the Stefan flow. The D2 law configuration is used as validation of the implementation of the heat and mass transfer transport equations with their jump conditions and the coupling of the evaporation rate with the flow dynamic.

Then, the numerical method is extended to compressible flows using the framework dedicated to the pressure based method proposed by Duret et al. (2018). The main advantage of this framework is the ability to consider acoustics effects, variable density and multiple gas inclusions with its own thermodynamic pressure. A modified Volume of Fluid transport equation is presented, including phase change and compressibility effects. Navier–Stokes and heat and mass transfer transport equation are solved using compressible assumptions. A validation case of a static evaporating cylinder in an enclosed environment is studied to illustrate and quantify the mass conservation properties of the method and the mass transfer between the two phases. Finally, a 3D two-phase Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence (HIT) configuration is presented to demonstrate the potential of this method in presence of breakup, gas encapsulation, coalescence and evaporation processes.



中文翻译:

一种新的 DNS 形式,专用于具有相变的湍流两相流

多相流中的相变发生在许多自然和工业应用中,例如,雨水形成、内燃机、热交换器、多相反应器等。 在密集的两相流中,由于配置的复杂性和定量的实验结果很少实验技术限制。因此,最近对这种流动的直接数值模拟的兴趣越来越大,以更好地理解和访问这种流动的定量数据。

在模拟多相流中的相变时,需要采用先进的数值方法来考虑界面处的跳跃条件,并保证质量、能量、动量和物种守恒。在文献中,这个问题主要是用不可压缩的形式主义来研究的。然而,该假设不再适用于模拟封闭环境或雾化/充气流中具有相变的多相流。

这项工作的目的是提出一种专门用于湍流两相流的数值形式,包括声学和可压缩效应,并适当处理由于相变引起的界面跳跃条件。为了完成这项任务,首先,Tanguy 等人提出的用于汽化两相流的不可压缩水平集方法。(2007) 重新审视并适应了大规模保守接口表示:流体耦合水平集/体积方法。在这种情况下,蒸发静态汽缸具有恒定的汽化速率和液滴汽化(D2法)已作为验证案例执行。由于 Stefan 流的存在,这两种情况都说明了在界面处存在速度不连续性时方法的准确性和稳健性。这 D2定律配置用于验证传热和传质传输方程及其跳跃条件以及蒸发率与流动动力学的耦合。

然后,使用 Duret 等人提出的专用于基于压力的方法的框架将数值方法扩展到可压缩流。(2018)。该框架的主要优点是能够考虑声学效应、可变密度和具有自身热力学压力的多种气体包裹体。提出了修改后的流体传输方程,包括相变和可压缩性效应。Navier-Stokes 和传热传质方程使用可压缩假设求解。研究了封闭环境中静态蒸发缸的验证案例,以说明和量化该方法的质量守恒特性以及两相之间的传质。最后,

更新日期:2021-08-01
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