Using a cluster dynamics model, we studied the evolution of helium bubbles, C15 clusters and dislocation loops produced by Fe³⁺/He⁺ dual ion beam irradiation in reduced activation ferrite/martensite Eurofer97 steels. The model reasonably reproduced size distributions of experimentally detected helium bubbles and dislocation loops. We show that bubble evolution upon irradiation was governed by three phases in sequence: bubble nucleation dominated phase controlled by irradiation cascade, coupled phase of bubble nucleation and growth, and bubble growth dominated phase. As a first attempt, the model considers the formation of widely reported C15 clusters and develops a scheme for C15 clusters transformation into loops. We show that the loop growth driven by long-term defect migration follows a power law f(n) ~ a/n^S. The increase of irradiation temperature from 603 K to 673 K promoted the growth of C15 clusters resulting in pronounced loop evolution. While at 773 K, the high flux of vacancies and low fluxes of single, di- and tri-interstitials suppressed loop nucleation and growth, leading to no loop formation confirmed by experiment. The effectiveness of the model developed in this study demonstrates its potential to be used in similar irradiation cases.

使用簇动力学模型，我们研究了由 Fe ³⁺ /He ⁺产生的氦气泡、C15 簇和位错环的演化减少活化铁素体/马氏体 Eurofer97 钢中的双离子束辐照。该模型合理地再现了实验检测到的氦气泡和位错环的尺寸分布。我们表明辐照后的气泡演化由三个阶段依次控制：由辐照级联控制的气泡成核主导阶段、气泡成核和生长的耦合阶段以及气泡生长主导阶段。作为第一次尝试，该模型考虑了广泛报道的 C15 簇的形成，并开发了一种将 C15 簇转换为循环的方案。我们表明由长期缺陷迁移驱动的循环增长遵循幂律f(n) ~ a/n ^S. 辐照温度从 603 K 增加到 673 K 促进了 C15 簇的生长，导致显着的环演化。而在 773 K 时，单间隙、双间隙和三间隙的高空位通量和低通量抑制了环的成核和生长，导致没有经实验证实的环形成。本研究中开发的模型的有效性证明了其在类似辐照案例中使用的潜力。