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Insulin Resistance, Serum Calcium and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Multiracial Population, and a Similarity Assessment of Results from a Single-Race Population’s Study
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-24 , DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s259409 Victorine Raïssa Ngo Nkondjock 1 , Thérèse Martin Cheteu Wabo 1 , Janet Cheruiyot Kosgey 2 , Yunlong Zhang 1 , Daniel Adjei Amporfro 3 , Humara Adnan 4 , Imran Shah 1 , Ying Li 1
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-24 , DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s259409 Victorine Raïssa Ngo Nkondjock 1 , Thérèse Martin Cheteu Wabo 1 , Janet Cheruiyot Kosgey 2 , Yunlong Zhang 1 , Daniel Adjei Amporfro 3 , Humara Adnan 4 , Imran Shah 1 , Ying Li 1
Affiliation
Background: Recent research suggests the need to assess more ethnic disparities in hypertension (HTN). On the other hand, studies reveal impressive mortality rates due to cardiovascular diseases for some race and ethnic groups compared to others.
Methods: We referred to a recent study on serum calcium (SC) and insulin resistance associated with HTN incidence to compare different race groups in the latter found relationship. We compare the current study outcomes with those from the Wu et al study.
Results: From 425 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, we found a significant association between race and hypertension; Cramer’s V (0.006) = 0.21 when adjusted with non-hypertensives and hypertensives. Mc Auley index (McA) was negatively related to hypertension, r (355) = − 0.24, p < 0.0001. SC associated with HTN in all race groups significance persisted only in non-Hispanic Whites after multivariate adjustments R2 of 74.1 (p = 0.03). McA was a mediator on SC-HTN in non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) (CoefIE = 13.25, [CI] = 1.42– 32.13), and a moderator in other Hispanics interaction (0.04) = 0.27 and NHW interaction (0.001) = 0.028.
Conclusion: SC was associated with hypertension, similarly to the baseline study. SC and HTN association persisted in NHW compared to other race groups. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was not a mediator on SC-HTN, but with McA, this in NHW only. McA played a moderator role in OH and NHW. We suggest that race is a factor implicated in our findings, which may be investigated further in future research.
中文翻译：
胰岛素抵抗、血清钙和高血压：多种族人群的横断面研究以及单种族人群研究结果的相似性评估
背景：最近的研究表明需要评估高血压（HTN）方面的更多种族差异。另一方面，研究表明，与其他种族和民族相比，某些种族和族裔群体因心血管疾病导致的死亡率令人印象深刻。
方法：我们参考最近一项关于血清钙（SC）和胰岛素抵抗与HTN发生率相关的研究来比较不同种族群体中后者发现的关系。我们将当前的研究结果与 Wu 等人的研究结果进行比较。
结果：从 425 名全国健康与营养检查调查 (NHANES) 参与者的数据中，我们发现种族与高血压之间存在显着关联；当用非高血压患者和高血压患者进行调整时，Cramer 的 V (0.006) = 0.21。麦奥利指数 (McA) 与高血压呈负相关， r (355) = − 0.24， p < 0.0001。在多变量调整R 2为 74.1 ( p = 0.03) 后，SC 与 HTN 在所有种族组中的显着性仅在非西班牙裔白人中持续存在。 McA 是非西班牙裔白人 (NHW) 中 SC-HTN 的调节因子（Coef IE = 13.25，[CI] = 1.42–32.13），并且是其他西班牙裔白人交互作用 (0.04) = 0.27 和 NHW 交互作用 (0.001) = 的调节因子。 0.028。
结论：与基线研究类似，SC 与高血压相关。与其他种族组相比，SC 和 HTN 关联在 NHW 中持续存在。稳态模型评估 (HOMA-IR) 不是 SC-HTN 的中介，但对于 McA，仅在 NHW 中具有中介作用。 McA 在 OH 和 NHW 中发挥了调节作用。我们认为种族是我们的研究结果中涉及的一个因素，可能会在未来的研究中进一步调查。
更新日期：2021-07-24
Methods: We referred to a recent study on serum calcium (SC) and insulin resistance associated with HTN incidence to compare different race groups in the latter found relationship. We compare the current study outcomes with those from the Wu et al study.
Results: From 425 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, we found a significant association between race and hypertension; Cramer’s V (0.006) = 0.21 when adjusted with non-hypertensives and hypertensives. Mc Auley index (McA) was negatively related to hypertension, r (355) = − 0.24, p < 0.0001. SC associated with HTN in all race groups significance persisted only in non-Hispanic Whites after multivariate adjustments R2 of 74.1 (p = 0.03). McA was a mediator on SC-HTN in non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) (CoefIE = 13.25, [CI] = 1.42– 32.13), and a moderator in other Hispanics interaction (0.04) = 0.27 and NHW interaction (0.001) = 0.028.
Conclusion: SC was associated with hypertension, similarly to the baseline study. SC and HTN association persisted in NHW compared to other race groups. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was not a mediator on SC-HTN, but with McA, this in NHW only. McA played a moderator role in OH and NHW. We suggest that race is a factor implicated in our findings, which may be investigated further in future research.
中文翻译：
胰岛素抵抗、血清钙和高血压：多种族人群的横断面研究以及单种族人群研究结果的相似性评估
背景：最近的研究表明需要评估高血压（HTN）方面的更多种族差异。另一方面，研究表明，与其他种族和民族相比，某些种族和族裔群体因心血管疾病导致的死亡率令人印象深刻。
方法：我们参考最近一项关于血清钙（SC）和胰岛素抵抗与HTN发生率相关的研究来比较不同种族群体中后者发现的关系。我们将当前的研究结果与 Wu 等人的研究结果进行比较。
结果：从 425 名全国健康与营养检查调查 (NHANES) 参与者的数据中，我们发现种族与高血压之间存在显着关联；当用非高血压患者和高血压患者进行调整时，Cramer 的 V (0.006) = 0.21。麦奥利指数 (McA) 与高血压呈负相关， r (355) = − 0.24， p < 0.0001。在多变量调整R 2为 74.1 ( p = 0.03) 后，SC 与 HTN 在所有种族组中的显着性仅在非西班牙裔白人中持续存在。 McA 是非西班牙裔白人 (NHW) 中 SC-HTN 的调节因子（Coef IE = 13.25，[CI] = 1.42–32.13），并且是其他西班牙裔白人交互作用 (0.04) = 0.27 和 NHW 交互作用 (0.001) = 的调节因子。 0.028。
结论：与基线研究类似，SC 与高血压相关。与其他种族组相比，SC 和 HTN 关联在 NHW 中持续存在。稳态模型评估 (HOMA-IR) 不是 SC-HTN 的中介，但对于 McA，仅在 NHW 中具有中介作用。 McA 在 OH 和 NHW 中发挥了调节作用。我们认为种族是我们的研究结果中涉及的一个因素，可能会在未来的研究中进一步调查。
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