Considering the indispensable role of rare earth elements in the field of modern high technology, the efficient exploitation and utilization of rare earth resources is of great importance. As one of the world's major rare earth minerals, bastnaesite significantly bears on scientific development and social progress. In order to provide some reference for future research and production, this paper retraces the history of the metallurgical processes of bastnaesite concentrates and critically reviews the current commercial industrial processes. Most of these processes are chemical and energy intensive, and the discharge of large quantities of low-grade waste has a serious negative impact on the ecological environment. The recently developed methods in laboratory scale towards cleaner production are then evaluated. More improvements are still needed to further simplify the process and reduce the reliance on strong acidic and alkali chemicals as well as the demand for energy. According to these evaluations, the prospects for process optimization are discussed, and the areas where further research is needed are suggested. To achieve sustainable development of the rare earth resources in bastnaesite, it is essential for the design of ideal process to comprehensively consider environmental impact, human health, economic benefits and resource utilization efficiency.

考虑到稀土元素在现代高科技领域不可或缺的作用，稀土资源的高效开发利用具有重要意义。氟碳铈矿作为世界主要的稀土矿物之一，对科学发展和社会进步具有重要意义。为了为今后的研究和生产提供一定的参考，本文回顾了氟碳铈矿精矿冶金过程的历史，并对当前的商业化工业过程进行了批判性回顾。这些过程大多是化学和能源密集型的，大量低品位废物的排放对生态环境产生了严重的负面影响。然后评估最近开发的实验室规模清洁生产方法。仍需进一步改进以进一步简化流程，减少对强酸强碱化学品的依赖以及对能源的需求。根据这些评估，讨论了工艺优化的前景，并提出了需要进一步研究的领域。要想实现氟碳铈矿稀土资源的可持续发展，需要综合考虑环境影响、人体健康、经济效益和资源利用效率，设计理想的工艺流程。