Reversible protein phosphorylation is a widespread post-translational modification fundamental for signaling across all domains of life. Tyrosine (Tyr) phosphorylation has recently emerged as being important for plant receptor kinase (RK)-mediated signaling, particularly during plant immunity. How Tyr phosphorylation regulates RK function is however largely unknown. Notably, the expansion of protein Tyr phosphatase and SH2 domain-containing protein families, which are the core of regulatory phospho-Tyr (pTyr) networks in choanozoans, did not occur in plants. Here, we summarize the current understanding of plant RK Tyr phosphorylation focusing on the critical role of a pTyr site (‘VIa-Tyr’) conserved in several plant RKs. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of metazoan-like pTyr signaling modules in plants based on atypical components with convergent biochemical functions.

中文翻译：

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酪氨酸磷酸化对植物跨膜信号传导的重要性

可逆蛋白质磷酸化是一种广泛的翻译后修饰，对于跨越生命的所有领域的信号传导至关重要。最近发现酪氨酸 (Tyr) 磷酸化对于植物受体激酶 (RK) 介导的信号传导很重要，尤其是在植物免疫过程中。然而，Tyr 磷酸化如何调节 RK 功能在很大程度上是未知的。值得注意的是，蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶和含有 SH2 结构域的蛋白质家族的扩增，它们是蝶形动物中调节磷酸化酪氨酸 (pTyr) 网络的核心，并未在植物中发生。在这里，我们总结了目前对植物 RK Tyr 磷酸化的理解，重点是在几种植物 RK 中保守的 pTyr 位点（“VIa-Tyr”）的关键作用。此外，