Abstract

In this article, the current state and future perspectives in the application of complexes of Lewis acids with ethers in the synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene (HR PIB) were critically reviewed. The complexes of metal halides with ethers showed good activity and regioselectivity in the synthesis of HR PIB only in polar solvents due to their poor solubility in hydrocarbons. In strong contrast, HR PIB with high exo-olefin end group content was synthesized in non-polar n-hexane using fully soluble in hydrocarbons complexes of alkylaluminum dichlorides as catalysts. The further improvement in the synthesis of HR PIB was achieved using heterogeneous catalysts (acidic ionic liquids or liquid coordination complexes), which provides polyisobutylenes with high exo-olefin end group content in conjunction with low polydispersity.

摘要

在本文中，对路易斯酸与醚的配合物在合成高反应性聚异丁烯 (HR PIB) 中的应用的现状和未来前景进行了批判性评论。金属卤化物与醚的配合物由于其在烃中的溶解性差，因此仅在极性溶剂中合成 HR PIB 时表现出良好的活性和区域选择性。在强烈的对比，HR PIB具有高外烯烃端基含量在非极性合成ñ正己烷使用烷基氯化作为催化剂的烃络合物完全溶解。使用多相催化剂（酸性离子液体或液体配位络合物）实现了 HR PIB 合成的进一步改进，这为聚异丁烯提供了高外-烯烃端基含量与低多分散性相结合。