The Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) is renowned for its high-quality fiber production trait. The hair cycle in Cashmere goat has an annual rhythm. To deepen the understanding of the molecular foundation of annual rhythm in the skin of Cashmere goat, we did a comparative analysis of the Cashmere goat skin transcriptome all year round. 4002 Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with seasonal variations. 12 months transcriptome were divided into four developmental stages: Jan–Mar, Apr–Jul, Aug–Oct, and Nov–Dec based on gene expression patterns. 13 modules of highly correlated genes in skin were identified using WGCNA. Ten of these modules were consistent with the development stages. The gene function of those genes in each module was analyzed by functional enrichment. The results indicated that Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways were inhibited from January to March and activated from April to July. The cutaneous immune system of Cashmere goats has high activity from August to October. Fatty acid metabolism dominates goat skin from November to December. This study provides new information related to the annual skin development cycle, which could provide molecular biological significance for understanding the seasonal development and response to the annual rhythm of skin.

山羊绒山羊 ( Capra hircus) 以其高品质的纤维生产特性而闻名。羊绒山羊的毛发周期具有年度节奏。为加深对绒山羊皮肤年节律分子基础的认识，我们对绒山羊皮肤全年的转录组进行了比较分析。4002 个差异表达基因 (DEG) 被鉴定为具有季节性变化。根据基因表达模式，将 12 个月的转录组分为四个发育阶段：1 月至 3 月、4 月至 7 月、8 月至 10 月和 11 月至 12 月。使用 WGCNA 鉴定了皮肤中 13 个高度相关基因的模块。其中十个模块与开发阶段一致。通过功能富集分析了每个模块中这些基因的基因功能。结果表明，Wnt和Hedgehog信号通路在1-3月被抑制，4-7月被激活。羊绒山羊的皮肤免疫系统在 8 月至 10 月期间具有高活性。从 11 月到 12 月，脂肪酸代谢在山羊皮肤中占主导地位。该研究提供了与年度皮肤发育周期相关的新信息，可为了解皮肤的季节发育和对年度节律的反应提供分子生物学意义。