ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to determine the effects irrigation, fertilizer and manure on pore-water nutrient availability, rice yield and soil fertility improvement. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with a distribution of irrigation (I₁: traditional irrigation, i.e. continuous flooding and I₂: saturated condition) to the main plots and fertilizers to the sub plots. The fertilizer treatments were T₀ = Control, T₁ = N₁₂₀P₂₅K₆₀S₂₀Zn₂ (recommended dose of chemical fertilizer, RDCF), T₂ = 50% RDCF + 5 ton cowdung ha^{− 1}, T₃ = 70% RDCF + 3 ton cowdung ha⁻¹, T₄ = 50% RDCF + 5 ton compost ha⁻¹, T₅ = 70% RDCF + 3 ton compost ha⁻¹, T₆ = 50% RDCF + 3.5 ton poultry manure ha⁻¹, T₇ = 70% RDCF + 2.1 ton poultry manure ha⁻¹. The rice growth and yields were not significantly affected by continuous flooding and saturated irrigation. The higher grain yields were obtained from 70% RDCF + 2.1 ton poultry manure ha⁻¹ or 70% RDCF + 3 ton compost ha⁻¹ with saturated level of irrigation. The higher levels pore-water N, P and K concentrations were found in inorganic fertilizer plus manure applied treatments. Pore-water P and K concentrations decreased with increasing days after transplantation. The highest level of organic matter was found in the post-harvest soils where inorganic fertilizer plus cowdung were used and soil pH increased by using poultry manure.

摘要

本研究的目的是确定灌溉、肥料和粪便对孔隙水养分有效性、水稻产量和土壤肥力改善的影响。试验采用裂区设计，将灌溉（I ₁：传统灌溉，即连续灌溉，I ₂：饱和条件）分配到主地块，将肥料分配到子地块。施肥处理为 T ₀  = 对照，T ₁  = N ₁₂₀ P ₂₅ K ₆₀ S ₂₀ Zn ₂（化肥推荐剂量，RDCF），T ₂  = 50% RDCF + 5 吨牛粪 ha ^{− 1}，T ₃ = 70% RDCF + 3 吨牛粪 ha ^-1 , T ₄  = 50% RDCF + 5 吨堆肥 ha ^-1 , T ₅  = 70% RDCF + 3 吨堆肥 ha ^-1 , T ₆  = 50% RDCF + 3.5 吨家禽粪便 ha ^-1 , T ₇  = 70% RDCF + 2.1 吨家禽粪便 ha ^-1。连续淹水和饱和灌溉对水稻生长和产量没有显着影响。更高的谷物产量来自 70% RDCF + 2.1 吨家禽粪便 ha ^-1或 70% RDCF + 3 吨堆肥 ha ^-1与饱和灌溉水平。在无机肥加粪肥施用处理中发现了较高水平的孔隙水 N、P 和 K 浓度。移植后孔隙水 P 和 K 浓度随着天数的增加而降低。在收获后的土壤中发现了最高水平的有机质，其中使用了无机肥料和牛粪，使用家禽粪便提高了土壤 pH 值。