In response to neuronal activity changes, the adult hippocampal circuits undergo continuous synaptic remodeling, which is essential for information processing, learning, and memory encoding. Glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, actively regulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity by coordinating the neuronal activity-induced synaptic changes at the circuit level. Emerging evidence suggests that the crosstalk between neurons and glia in the adult hippocampus is region specific and that the mechanisms controlling this process are critically dependent on secreted factors. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a cytokine of the IL-1 family, is a key factor that modulates such glia-driven neuromodulations in two distinct hippocampal circuits. The activation of IL-33 and its receptor complex is important for maintaining the excitatory synaptic activity in the cornu ammonis 1 subregion and the remodeling of dentate gyrus synapses through activity-dependent astrocyte–synapse and microglia–synapse interactions, respectively. Meanwhile, the dysregulation of this signaling is implicated in multiple neurological disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease. Further investigations of how IL-33/ST2 signaling is regulated in a region-specific manner as well as its diverse functions in glia–synapse communications in the adult hippocampal circuitry will provide insights into the nature of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and homeostasis in health and disease.

中文翻译：

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IL-33/ST2 信号调节成人海马回路的突触可塑性和稳态

为响应神经元活动的变化，成年海马回路经历持续的突触重塑，这对于信息处理、学习和记忆编码至关重要。胶质细胞，包括星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞，通过在回路水平协调神经元活动诱导的突触变化，积极调节海马突触可塑性。新出现的证据表明，成年海马中神经元和神经胶质之间的串扰是区域特异性的，控制这一过程的机制严重依赖于分泌因子。白细胞介素-33 (IL-33) 是 IL-1 家族的一种细胞因子，是在两个不同的海马回路中调节这种神经胶质驱动的神经调节的关键因素。IL-33 及其受体复合物的激活对于分别通过活性依赖性星形胶质细胞 - 突触和小胶质细胞 - 突触相互作用维持角质 1 亚区的兴奋性突触活动和齿状回突触的重塑非常重要。同时，这种信号的失调与多种神经系统疾病有关，尤其是阿尔茨海默病。进一步研究 IL-33/ST2 信号是如何以区域特异性方式调节的，以及它在成人海马回路中的神经胶质-突触通讯中的不同功能，将有助于深入了解海马突触可塑性的本质以及健康和疾病中的稳态.