Purpose of Review

Workplace noise negatively impacts health, and noise-induced hearing loss is the most common work-related disease in many countries. Occupational noise may also cause cardiovascular disease, and there is epidemiologic evidence on the non-auditory effects of noise. This paper aims to briefly present and summarize the latest evidence on the auditory and non-auditory health effects of occupational noise exposure from the last 5 years.

Recent Findings

Two systematic reviews assessing the cardiovascular effects of occupational noise exposure were published in the last year. Our own recent review found convincing evidence of an association between occupational noise exposure > 80 dB(A) and hypertension and a dose-response relationship between noise exposure and hypertension risk. Another review of cardiovascular disease conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) found an increased risk of incident ischemic heart disease at noise exposures ≥ 85 dB(A). Recent reviews on work-related injuries, diabetes, acoustic neuroma, and pregnancy outcomes also find noise-related associations.

Summary

Evidence of an association between occupational noise and cardiovascular outcomes was recently evaluated. We found the risk of hypertension increases with a clear dose-response relationship at noise levels > 80 dB(A). The WHO/ILO review highlights the lack of quality research including women. Additional high-quality research on epigenetic effects, oxidative stress, work-related injuries, diabetes, acoustic neuroma, and pregnancy outcomes is also needed. Urgently needed (increased) measures of workplace noise reduction will reduce the incidence of noise-induced hearing loss and help prevent cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension.

中文翻译：

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职业噪音对健康的影响

审查目的

工作场所噪音会对健康产生负面影响，噪音引起的听力损失是许多国家最常见的与工作相关的疾病。职业噪音也可能导致心血管疾病，并且有流行病学证据表明噪音的非听觉影响。本文旨在简要介绍和总结过去 5 年职业噪声暴露对听觉和非听觉健康影响的最新证据。

最近的发现

去年发表了两篇评估职业噪声暴露对心血管影响的系统评价。我们自己最近的审查发现了令人信服的证据，证明职业噪声暴露 > 80 dB(A) 与高血压之间存在关联，以及噪声暴露与高血压风险之间存在剂量反应关系。世界卫生组织 (WHO) 和国际劳工组织 (ILO) 对心血管疾病进行的另一项审查发现，噪声暴露 ≥ 85 dB(A) 会增加发生缺血性心脏病的风险。最近对工伤、糖尿病、听神经瘤和妊娠结果的评论也发现了与噪声相关的关联。

概括

最近评估了职业噪音与心血管结果之间关联的证据。我们发现，当噪声水平 > 80 dB(A) 时，高血压风险随着明显的剂量反应关系而增加。世卫组织/国际劳工组织的审查强调缺乏包括妇女在内的高质量研究。还需要对表观遗传效应、氧化应激、工伤、糖尿病、听神经瘤和妊娠结果进行额外的高质量研究。迫切需要（增加）减少工作场所噪音的措施将降低噪音引起的听力损失的发生率，并有助于预防心血管疾病，尤其是高血压。