Clinical disease caused by the agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and by less virulent mycobacteria, such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines and environmental mycobacteria, can result from inborn errors of immunity (IEIs). IEIs underlie more than 450 conditions, each associated with an impairment of the development and/or function of hematopoietic and/or non-hematopoietic cells involved in host defense. Only a minority of IEIs confer predisposition to mycobacterial disease. The IEIs underlying susceptibility to bona fide tuberculosis are less well delineated than those responsible for susceptibility to less virulent mycobacteria. However, all these IEIs share a defining feature: the impairment of immunity mediated by interferon gamma (IFN-γ). More profound IFN-γ deficiency is associated with a greater vulnerability to weakly virulent mycobacteria, whereas more selective IFN-γ deficiency is associated with a more selective predisposition to mycobacterial disease. We review here recent progress in the study of IEIs underlying mycobacterial diseases.

由结核病病原体结核分枝杆菌和毒性较低的分枝杆菌（例如卡介苗 (BCG) 疫苗和环境分枝杆菌）引起的临床疾病可能是由先天性免疫缺陷 (IEI) 引起的。IEI 是 450 多种疾病的基础，每一种疾病都与参与宿主防御的造血和/或非造血细胞的发育和/或功能受损有关。只有少数 IEI 会导致分枝杆菌疾病的易感性。IEI 对善意的潜在敏感性与对毒性较弱的分枝杆菌易感性的结核病相比，结核病的描述较差。然而，所有这些 IEI 都具有一个明确的特征：干扰素 γ (IFN-γ) 介导的免疫损伤。更严重的 IFN-γ 缺乏与对弱毒性分枝杆菌的更大脆弱性有关，而更具选择性的 IFN-γ 缺乏与更具选择性的分枝杆菌疾病易感性有关。我们在此回顾 IEI 潜在分枝杆菌疾病研究的最新进展。