There are multiple pressures on Amazon forests due to, anthropic activities such as extensive cattle ranching, logging, and legal and illegal crops. These pressures generate highly fragmented landscapes that leads to an increase in forest edges. Thus, forest vegetation exposed to the surrounding open environment generates a series of direct effects that extend into the interior of the forest. Changes in the microclimate are among the most notable effects, and these can impact the composition and structure of the vegetation and affect the alteration of multiple ecological processes and ecosystem services. To better understand these consequences, we evaluated the distance of the edge influence on the microclimate, the composition of the vegetation, and the forest structure in the northern Amazon. We considered two types of edges according to adjacent cover: grasslands dedicated to extensive cattle ranching and rubber plantations (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.). We recorded significant differences in the composition and abundance of plants of all size categories. We found less richness and dominance of generalist species, that are characteristic of disturbed environments, in the forest sector adjacent to pastures. These edges had also lower humidity and higher temperatures than rubber plantations ones. The distance from the edge to the interior also affected the structure of the vegetation, with a higher density of individuals in the interior of the forest and significant differences in the diameter and height of individuals. We argue that the rubber plantations could be used as a forest management strategy of drought adaptation since it forms a less abrupt border and has a buffer function, keeping higher humidity values and lower temperatures than forest edges adjacent to pastures.

由于广泛的养牛、伐木以及合法和非法作物等人为活动，亚马逊森林面临多重压力。这些压力产生高度分散的景观，导致森林边缘增加。因此，暴露在周围开放环境中的森林植被会产生一系列延伸到森林内部的直接影响。小气候的变化是最显着的影响之一，这些变化会影响植被的组成和结构，并影响多种生态过程和生态系统服务的改变。为了更好地理解这些后果，我们评估了边缘对亚马逊北部小气候、植被组成和森林结构的影响距离。巴西橡胶树（Willd. ex A.Juss.）Müll.Arg.）。我们记录了所有大小类别植物的组成和丰度的显着差异。我们发现，在靠近牧场的森林部门中，作为受干扰环境特征的通才物种的丰富度和优势较少。这些边缘的湿度也低于橡胶种植园的温度。边缘到内部的距离也影响了植被的结构，森林内部的个体密度较高，个体的直径和高度差异显着。我们认为橡胶种植园可以用作适应干旱的森林管理策略，因为它形成了一个不那么突然的边界并具有缓冲功能，