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Delayed dosing of minocycline plus N-acetylcysteine reduces neurodegeneration in distal brain regions and restores spatial memory after experimental traumatic brain injury
Experimental Neurology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113816
Kristen Whitney 1 , Elena Nikulina 2 , Syed N Rahman 2 , Alisia Alexis 2 , Peter J Bergold 1
Affiliation  

Multiple drugs to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) have failed clinical trials. Most drugs lose efficacy as the time interval increases between injury and treatment onset. Insufficient therapeutic time window is a major reason underlying failure in clinical trials. Few drugs have been developed with therapeutic time windows sufficiently long enough to treat TBI because little is known about which brain functions can be targeted if therapy is delayed hours to days after injury. We identified multiple injury parameters that are improved by first initiating treatment with the drug combination minocycline (MINO) plus N-acetylcysteine (NAC) at 72 h after injury (MN72) in a mouse closed head injury (CHI) experimental TBI model. CHI produces spatial memory deficits resulting in impaired performance on Barnes maze, hippocampal neuronal loss, and bilateral damage to hippocampal neurons, dendrites, spines and synapses. MN72 treatment restores Barnes maze acquisition and retention, protects against hippocampal neuronal loss, limits damage to dendrites, spines and synapses, and accelerates recovery of microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) expression, a key protein in maintaining proper dendritic architecture and synapse density. These data show that in addition to the structural integrity of the dendritic arbor, spine and synapse density can be successfully targeted with drugs first dosed days after injury. Retention of substantial drug efficacy even when first dosed 72 h after injury makes MINO plus NAC a promising candidate to treat clinical TBI.



中文翻译:

米诺环素加 N-乙酰半胱氨酸的延迟给药可减少远端脑区的神经变性,并在实验性创伤性脑损伤后恢复空间记忆

多种治疗创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 的药物在临床试验中均失败。随着受伤和治疗开始之间的时间间隔增加,大多数药物会失去功效。治疗时间窗不足是临床试验失败的主要原因。很少有药物开发出足够长的治疗时间窗来治疗 TBI,因为如果治疗在损伤后数小时至数天延迟,那么对于哪些脑功能可以靶向治疗知之甚少。在小鼠闭合性头部损伤 (CHI) 实验性 TBI 模型中,我们确定了多个损伤参数,这些参数通过在损伤后 72 小时 (MN72) 开始使用药物组合米诺环素 (MINO) 加 N-乙酰半胱氨酸 (NAC) 进行治疗而得到改善。CHI 产生空间记忆缺陷,导致巴恩斯迷宫的表现受损、海马神经元丢失、海马神经元、树突、棘突和突触的双侧损伤。MN72 治疗可恢复 Barnes 迷宫的获取和保留,防止海马神经元损失,限制对树突、脊柱和突触的损伤,并加速微管相关蛋白 2 (MAP2) 表达的恢复,这是维持适当树突结构和突触密度的关键蛋白。这些数据表明,除了树突状乔木的结构完整性外,脊柱和突触密度可以在损伤后数天首次给药的药物成功靶向。即使在损伤后 72 小时首次给药仍能保持显着的药物疗效,这使得 MINO 加 NAC 成为治疗临床 TBI 的有希望的候选药物。防止海马神经元损失,限制对树突、刺和突触的损伤,并加速微管相关蛋白 2 (MAP2) 表达的恢复,这是维持适当树突结构和突触密度的关键蛋白。这些数据表明,除了树突状乔木的结构完整性外,脊柱和突触密度可以在损伤后数天首次给药的药物成功靶向。即使在损伤后 72 小时首次给药仍能保持显着的药物疗效,这使得 MINO 加 NAC 成为治疗临床 TBI 的有希望的候选药物。防止海马神经元损失,限制对树突、刺和突触的损伤,并加速微管相关蛋白 2 (MAP2) 表达的恢复,这是维持适当树突结构和突触密度的关键蛋白。这些数据表明,除了树突状乔木的结构完整性外,脊柱和突触密度可以在损伤后数天首次给药的药物成功靶向。即使在损伤后 72 小时首次给药仍能保持显着的药物疗效,这使得 MINO 加 NAC 成为治疗临床 TBI 的有希望的候选药物。这些数据表明,除了树突状乔木的结构完整性外,脊柱和突触密度可以在损伤后数天首次给药的药物成功靶向。即使在损伤后 72 小时首次给药仍能保持显着的药物疗效,这使得 MINO 加 NAC 成为治疗临床 TBI 的有希望的候选药物。这些数据表明,除了树突状乔木的结构完整性外,脊柱和突触密度可以在损伤后数天首次给药的药物成功靶向。即使在损伤后 72 小时首次给药仍能保持显着的药物疗效,这使得 MINO 加 NAC 成为治疗临床 TBI 的有希望的候选药物。

更新日期:2021-08-03
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