In permafrost regions, roads and soil slopes experience freeze–thaw cycles annually and the soil characteristics (such as strength and conductivity) change irreversibly. Several studies have been conducted on the evaluation of soil damage using soil mechanics principles and electrical measurements. Owing to the limitations of previous studies, such as low efficiency and the inapplicability of real-time testing for assessing damages, a real-time quantitative test method for assessing the damage degree of layered soil subjected to freeze–thaw cycles based on electrical measurements is proposed. An electrical measurement device was developed for testing the electrical parameters of multilayer soil. Combined with electrical measurements, freeze–thaw cycle tests were performed. The resistivity of each layer of soil under freeze–thaw cycles was determined. Additionally, microstructural parameters of the multilayered soil were determined through computed tomography to investigate the changes in the soil microstructure during freeze–thaw cycles. The porosity and pore distribution characteristics of the multilayered soil under freeze–thaw cycles were obtained using image processing methods, such as median filter and K-means clustering. As the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased, the soil porosity increased, and the pore structure became less complex. Based on the relationship between the soil resistivity and the microstructural parameters, the soil damage mechanism was described, and a damage factor was introduced in developing the model. Furthermore, the dynamic damage process of the multilayered soil under freeze–thaw cycles was evaluated using the damage model, and the settlement was used to verify the results. And the damage model can be applied to evaluate the damage state of soil in permafrost region

在多年冻土地区，道路和土壤斜坡每年都会经历冻融循环，土壤特性（如强度和电导率）发生不可逆转的变化。使用土壤力学原理和电气测量对土壤损伤评估进行了多项研究。由于前人研究存在效率低、损伤评估实时检​​测不适用等局限性，提出了一种基于电测的冻融循环层状土壤损伤程度实时定量检测方法。建议的。研制了一种用于测量多层土壤电参数的电测量装置。结合电气测量，进行了冻融循环测试。确定了每层土壤在冻融循环下的电阻率。此外，通过计算机断层扫描确定多层土壤的微观结构参数，以研究冻融循环期间土壤微观结构的变化。使用图像处理方法，如中值滤波和 K 均值聚类，获得冻融循环下多层土壤的孔隙率和孔隙分布特征。随着冻融循环次数的增加，土壤孔隙度增加，孔隙结构变得不那么复杂。基于土壤电阻率与微观结构参数之间的关系，描述了土壤破坏机制，并在建立模型时引入了破坏因素。此外，利用损伤模型对冻融循环作用下多层土壤的动态损伤过程进行了评估，并通过沉降来验证结果。并且该损伤模型可用于评价多年冻土区土壤的损伤状态