With the concepts of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing gaining popularity, there is a growing notion that conventional manufacturing will witness a transition toward a new paradigm, targeting innovation, automation, better response to customer needs, and intelligent systems. Within this context, this review focuses on the concept of cyber–physical production system (CPPS) and presents a holistic perspective on the role of the CPPS in three key and essential drivers of this transformation: data-driven manufacturing, decentralized manufacturing, and integrated blockchains for data security. The paper aims to connect these three aspects of smart manufacturing and proposes that through the application of data-driven modeling, CPPS will aid in transforming manufacturing to become more intuitive and automated. In turn, automated manufacturing will pave the way for the decentralization of manufacturing. Layering blockchain technologies on top of CPPS will ensure the reliability and security of data sharing and integration across decentralized systems. Each of these claims is supported by relevant case studies recently published in the literature and from the industry; a brief on existing challenges and the way forward is also provided.

随着工业 4.0 和智能制造的概念越来越流行，越来越多的人认为传统制造将见证新范式的转变，以创新、自动化、更好地响应客户需求和智能系统为目标。在此背景下，本综述重点关注网络物理生产系统 (CPPS) 的概念，并从整体角度介绍了 CPPS 在这一转型的三个关键和基本驱动因素中的作用：数据驱动制造、分散制造和集成用于数据安全的区块链。本文旨在将智能制造的这三个方面联系起来，并提出通过数据驱动建模的应用，CPPS 将有助于将制造转变为更加直观和自动化。反过来，自动化制造将为制造业的分散化铺平道路。在 CPPS 之上分层区块链技术将确保跨分散系统的数据共享和集成的可靠性和安全性。这些说法中的每一个都得到了最近在文献和行业中发表的相关案例研究的支持；还简要介绍了现有挑战和前进方向。