Th17 and Treg cells play an important role in regulating tissue inflammation and maintaining the stability of the immune system. They regulate inflammatory responses, participate in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases and tumors, and determine the disease progress. Malignant tumor is one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate in the world. However, the efficacy of traditional treatment is limited, so it is necessary to find safe and efficient treatment methods. Studies have shown that the balance of Th17/Treg cells plays a critical role in tumor progression. In this paper, we review the antitumor and tumor-suppressing effects of Th17/Treg cells, and new strategies for tumor therapy, combined with new research hotspots such as immune checkpoint therapy, miRNA-related gene therapy, and metabolic pathway regulation of Th17/Treg cell differentiation and tumor generation. The synergistic therapy is expected to be widely used in the future clinical practice, providing a new choice for the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors.

Th17 和 Treg 细胞在调节组织炎症和维持免疫系统的稳定性方面发挥着重要作用。它们调节炎症反应，参与自身免疫性疾病和肿瘤的发生发展，并决定疾病的进展。恶性肿瘤是世界上死亡率最高的疾病之一。然而，传统治疗的疗效有限，因此需要寻找安全有效的治疗方法。研究表明，Th17/Treg细胞的平衡在肿瘤进展中起关键作用。本文综述了Th17/Treg细胞的抗肿瘤和抑癌作用，以及肿瘤治疗的新策略，并结合免疫检查点治疗、miRNA相关基因治疗等新的研究热点，Th17/Treg细胞分化和肿瘤生成的代谢途径调控。协同疗法有望在未来的临床实践中得到广泛应用，为恶性肿瘤的防治提供新的选择。