Throughout history, pandemics of infectious diseases caused by emerging viruses have spread worldwide. Evidence from previous outbreaks demonstrated that pregnant women are at high risk of contracting the diseases and suffering from adverse outcomes. However, while some viruses can cause major health complications for the mother and her fetus, others do not appear to affect pregnancy. Viral surface proteins bind to specific receptors on the cellular membrane of host cells and begin therewith the infection process. During pregnancy, the molecular features of these proteins may determine specific target cells in the placenta, which may explain the different outcomes. In this review, we display information on Variola, Influenza, Zika and Corona viruses focused on their surface proteins, effects on pregnancy, and possible target placental cells. This will contribute to understanding viral entry during pregnancy, as well as to develop strategies to decrease the incidence of obstetrical problems in current and future infections.

纵观历史，由新出现的病毒引起的传染病大流行已经在世界范围内蔓延。以往疫情的证据表明，孕妇感染疾病并遭受不良后果的风险很高。然而，虽然某些病毒可能会给母亲及其胎儿造成严重的健康并发症，但其他病毒似乎不会影响怀孕。病毒表面蛋白与宿主细胞细胞膜上的特定受体结合，并由此开始感染过程。在怀孕期间，这些蛋白质的分子特征可能决定胎盘中的特定靶细胞，这可能解释不同的结果。在这篇综述中，我们展示了有关天花病毒、流感病毒、寨卡病毒和冠状病毒的信息，重点关注其表面蛋白、对妊娠的影响以及可能的目标胎盘细胞。这将有助于了解怀孕期间的病毒进入，并制定策略来减少当前和未来感染中产科问题的发生率。