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Theta-gamma coupling during REM sleep depends on breathing rate
Sleep ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-23 , DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab189
Maximilian Hammer 1 , Chrysovalandis Schwale 1, 2 , Jurij Brankačk 1 , Andreas Draguhn 1 , Adriano B L Tort 3
Affiliation  

Temporal coupling between theta and gamma oscillations is a hallmark activity pattern of several cortical networks and becomes especially prominent during REM sleep. In a parallel approach, nasal breathing has been recently shown to generate phase-entrained network oscillations which also modulate gamma. Both slow rhythms (theta and respiration-entrained oscillations) have been suggested to aid large-scale integration but they differ in frequency, display low coherence, and modulate different gamma sub-bands. Respiration and theta are therefore believed to be largely independent. In the present work, however, we report an unexpected but robust relation between theta-gamma coupling and respiration in mice. Interestingly, this relation takes place not through the phase of individual respiration cycles, but through respiration rate: the strength of theta-gamma coupling exhibits an inverted V-shaped dependence on breathing rate, leading to maximal coupling at breathing frequencies of 4–6 Hz. Noteworthy, when subdividing sleep epochs into phasic and tonic REM patterns, we find that breathing differentially relates to theta-gamma coupling in each state, providing new evidence for their physiological distinctiveness. Altogether, our results reveal that breathing correlates with brain activity not only through phase-entrainment but also through rate-dependent relations with theta-gamma coupling. Thus, the link between respiration and other patterns of cortical network activity is more complex than previously assumed.

中文翻译:

REM 睡眠期间的 θ-γ 耦合取决于呼吸频率

θ 和 γ 振荡之间的时间耦合是几个皮层网络的标志性活动模式,并且在 REM 睡眠期间变得尤为突出。在一种平行的方法中,最近已经证明鼻呼吸会产生相位夹带的网络振荡,该振荡也可以调节伽马。慢节奏(θ 和呼吸引起的振荡)都被建议用于帮助大规模整合,但它们的频率不同,显示低相干性,并调制不同的伽马子带。因此,呼吸和θ被认为在很大程度上是独立的。然而,在目前的工作中,我们报告了小鼠的 θ-γ 耦合和呼吸之间存在意想不到但稳健的关系。有趣的是,这种关系不是通过单个呼吸周期的阶段发生的,而是通过呼吸速率发生的:θ-γ 耦合的强度表现出对呼吸频率的倒 V 形依赖性,导致在 4-6 Hz 的呼吸频率下产生最大耦合。值得注意的是,当将睡眠时期细分为阶段性和强直性 REM 模式时,我们发现呼吸与每个状态下的 theta-gamma 耦合存在差异,为它们的生理独特性提供了新的证据。总之,我们的研究结果表明,呼吸与大脑活动相关,不仅通过相位夹带,还通过与 theta-gamma 耦合的速率相关关系。因此,呼吸和其他皮层网络活动模式之间的联系比以前假设的要复杂。当将睡眠时期细分为阶段性和强直性 REM 模式时,我们发现呼吸与每种状态下的 theta-gamma 耦合存在差异,这为它们的生理独特性提供了新的证据。总之,我们的研究结果表明,呼吸与大脑活动相关,不仅通过相位夹带,还通过与 theta-gamma 耦合的速率相关关系。因此,呼吸和其他皮层网络活动模式之间的联系比以前假设的要复杂。当将睡眠时期细分为阶段性和强直性 REM 模式时,我们发现呼吸与每种状态下的 theta-gamma 耦合存在差异,这为它们的生理独特性提供了新的证据。总之,我们的研究结果表明,呼吸与大脑活动相关,不仅通过相位夹带,还通过与 theta-gamma 耦合的速率相关关系。因此,呼吸和其他皮层网络活动模式之间的联系比以前假设的要复杂。我们的研究结果表明,呼吸与大脑活动相关,不仅通过相位夹带,还通过与 theta-gamma 耦合的速率相关关系。因此,呼吸和其他皮层网络活动模式之间的联系比以前假设的要复杂。我们的研究结果表明,呼吸与大脑活动相关,不仅通过相位夹带,还通过与 theta-gamma 耦合的速率相关关系。因此,呼吸和其他皮层网络活动模式之间的联系比以前假设的要复杂。
更新日期:2021-07-23
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