Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) are globally distributed symbionts of plant roots. Relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizae can provide crucial support for the establishment of any plant in an unfavorable environment. We hypothesized that invasions of neophytes are associated with changes in the colonization of native plants and early invaders (archeophytes) by AMF. We examined changes in AMF colonization in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and wild carrot (Daucus carota L.) (native plants) and tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) and false oatgrass [Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl] (archeophytes) in response to the invasion of four neophytes from the Asteraceae family, namely great globethistle (Echinops sphaerocephalus L.), New York aster [Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G. L. Nesom agg.], annual fleabane [Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.], and Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.). We found that the AMF colonization of the Asteraceae neophytes was high in the studied monodominant invasions, and the AMF colonization of the neophytes was higher than or equal to that of the studied native plants and archeophytes. Changes in plant dominance did not serve as predictors of the extent of AMF colonization of the native plants and archeophytes despite the invaded plots being associated with strong changes in the availability of primary and secondary mineral nutrients. The absence of a response of AMF colonization of native and archeophyte plant species to the invasion of neophytes suggests that AMF are passengers, rather than drivers, in the course of Asteraceae invasions in central European environments.

中文翻译：

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暴露于菊科近期入侵者后，丛枝菌根真菌对本地植物和早期入侵者的稳定定殖

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF，Glomeromycota）是全球分布的植物根系共生体。与丛枝菌根的关系可以为任何植物在不利环境中的建立提供关键支持。我们假设新植物的入侵与 AMF 对原生植物和早期入侵者（原始植物）的定殖变化有关。我们检查了西洋蓍草 AMF 定植的变化（蓍草L.) 和野胡萝卜 (胡萝卜L.) (本地植物) 和艾菊 (杂草L.) 和假燕麦草 [鲫鱼(L.) P. Beauv。ex J. Presl & C. Presl] (archeophytes) 以应对来自菊科的四种新植物的入侵，即大球蓟 (圆头棘豆L.), 纽约紫苑 [Symphyotrichum novi-belgii(L.) GL Nesom agg.]，一年一度的蓬蓬 [灯盏花(L.) Pers.] 和加拿大黄花 (加拿大一枝黄花L.)。我们发现菊科新植物的 AMF 定殖在所研究的单优势入侵中较高，并且新植物的 AMF 定殖高于或等于所研究的原生植物和原始植物的 AMF 定殖。尽管入侵的地块与初级和次级矿物营养素的可用性的强烈变化有关，但植物优势的变化并不能预测 AMF 对本地植物和原始植物的定殖程度。原生植物和原始植物物种的 AMF 定植对新植物入侵的反应缺乏表明 AMF 是中欧环境中菊科入侵过程中的乘客，而不是驱动程序。