This article contrasts hostility toward visual and literary art in English radical Puritanism before the late seventeenth century with the central role of art for Dutch Mennonites, many involved in the commercial prosperity of Amsterdam. Both 1620s Mennonites and 1650s–1660s Quakers debated the relationship between literal truth of the Bible and claims for the power of a personally felt Holy Spirit. This was the intra-Mennonite “Two-Word Dispute,” and for Quakers an opportunity to attack Puritans who argued that the Bible was literally the Word of God, not the “light within.” Mennonites like Jan Theunisz and Quakers like Samuel Fisher made extensive use of learning, festive subversion and poetry. Texts from the earlier dispute were republished in order to traduce the Quakers when they came to Amsterdam in the 1650s and discovered openness to conversation but not conversion.

本文将 17 世纪后期之前英国激进清教主义对视觉和文学艺术的敌意与荷兰门诺派教徒对艺术的核心作用进行了对比，其中许多人参与了阿姆斯特丹的商业繁荣。1620 年代的门诺派教徒和 1650 年代至 1660 年代的贵格会教徒都对圣经的字面真理与对个人感受的圣灵力量的主张之间的关系进行了辩论。这是门诺派内部的“双词争论”，对于贵格会来说，这是一个攻击清教徒的机会，他们认为圣经实际上是上帝的话语，而不是“内在之光”。像 Jan Theunisz 这样的门诺派教徒和像 Samuel Fisher 这样的贵格会教徒广泛使用了学习、节日颠覆和诗歌。