In this paper a microscopic energy consumption model of electric buses (e-Buses) is developed, leveraging on a vast data collection campaign of e-Bus daily operations. The model is composed of two modules, which estimate the instantaneous power required for traction and the average power required by the auxiliary systems. The model simulates the instantaneous energy consumption as a function of line and vehicle characteristics, and operating conditions including ambient temperature, bus load and encountered traffic. The model was calibrated against trajectory data from 435 trips, showing an error in reproducing the instantaneous battery state-of-charge of 5.5% in 95% of experiments (2.5% on average). A two-level model validation was performed against data from 110 trips. At a microscopic level, results proved that the calibrated model is robust against variability of line operating conditions. At a macroscopic level, the model was validated against the macroscopic speed-consumption function, showing an error of 6%.

在本文中，利用电动巴士日常运营的大量数据收集活动，开发了电动巴士（e-Bus）的微观能耗模型。该模型由两个模块组成，分别估算牵引所需的瞬时功率和辅助系统所需的平均功率。该模型模拟作为线路和车辆特性以及包括环境温度、总线负载和遇到的交通在内的运行条件的函数的瞬时能耗。该模型针对 435 次行程的轨迹数据进行了校准，显示在 95% 的实验中再现瞬时电池充电状态的误差为 5.5%（平均为 2.5%）。对来自 110 次旅行的数据进行了两级模型验证。在微观层面，结果证明，校准模型对于线路运行条件的变化是稳健的。在宏观层面，该模型针对宏观速度-消耗函数进行了验证，显示误差为 6%。