Blade leaning is commonly seen in the runner design of reversible pump turbines which operate under varying conditions. However, there is no certain law in determine the leaning mode and level. Considering performance, hydraulic excitation and structural response, five runners with strong rotational (RL+), rotational (RL), strong counter-rotational (CL+), counter-rotational (CL) and without (NL) blade leaning are compared under high-efficiency condition in pump mode and turbine mode. The head, efficiency, internal flow pressure pulsation and runner stress are comparatively studied. Among the five runners, CL+ runner is found has the highest efficiency as pump when RL+ runner has the highest efficiency as turbine. Pressure pulsation results show that the rotor-stator interaction region is the strongest pulsation source especially for runner and blade frequencies. In pump mode, pressure pulsation intensity decreases when blade leaning mode gradually changes from rotational to counter-rotational. In turbine mode, the NL runner has the strongest pressure pulsation intensity in runner and guide vane. Both rotational and counter-rotational leaning will reduce pressure pulsation. Velocity contours indicate that blade leaning will affect the velocity uniformity especially along rotational direction and cause stronger or weaker local hydraulic excitation. Under hydraulic excitation, RL+ runner suffers the highest equivalent stress as pump while CL runner suffers the highest equivalent stress as turbine. From rotational to counter-rotational blade leaning, the maximum stress moves on the crown from low pressure side to high pressure side. Considering hydraulic excitation and structural response, the strong counter-rotational leaning blade is found better in reversible runner design.

叶片倾斜常见于在不同条件下运行的可逆泵涡轮机的转轮设计。然而，在确定学习模式和水平方面并没有一定的规律。综合考虑性能、水力激励和结构响应，在高效率下比较了强旋转（RL+）、旋转（RL）、强反旋转（CL+）、反旋转（CL）和无（NL）叶片倾斜的五种转轮泵模式和涡轮模式。对扬程、效率、内流压力脉动和流道应力进行了比较研究。在五个转轮中，发现CL+转轮作为泵的效率最高，而RL+转轮作为涡轮的效率最高。压力脉动结果表明转子-定子相互作用区域是最强的脉动源，特别是对于转轮和叶片频率。在泵模式下，当叶片倾斜模式从旋转逐渐变为反向旋转时，压力脉动强度降低。在涡轮模式下，NL转轮在转轮和导叶中具有最强的压力脉动强度。旋转和反向旋转倾斜都会减少压力脉动。速度等值线表明叶片倾斜会影响速度均匀性，尤其是沿旋转方向的速度均匀性，并导致局部水力激励更强或更弱。在水力激励下，RL+转轮承受最高等效应力为泵，而CL+转轮承受最高等效应力为涡轮。从旋转到反向旋转叶片倾斜，最大应力在冠部从低压侧移动到高压侧。考虑到水力激励和结构响应，在可逆转轮设计中发现强大的反向旋转倾斜叶片更好。