The present study investigates different operating systems' potential to be selected as a reliable alternative in the modernization of agricultural water distribution using a set of indices representing the sustainable development goals (SDGs). These indices include economic perspectives (“the implementation cost of the operating system”; “economic value of water”; “The opportunity cost” indices), environmental aspects (“water withdrawal from the aquifer”; “carbon dioxide emissions” indices), social viewpoint (“vandalism probability of on-site equipment”; “equity of agricultural water distribution” indices), and technical considerations (such as “efficiency of water distribution” index). The hydrodynamic simulation model was developed and calibrated to simulate water distribution in Qazvin Irrigation District, central Iran, in the status quo. Five practical systems—including manual operation (A1, A2), Hydro-mechanical gates (A3), and automatic operation (A4, A5)—were developed in MATLAB and integrated the hydrodynamic model. Agricultural water distribution practices are conducted for individual alternatives A1–A5, and the SDGs indices were determined quantitatively. The multi-criteria decision-making method was used to rank the indices based on their compliance with the SDGs indices. TOPSIS method was employed in non-fuzzy status and fuzzy state to prioritize the modernization alternatives A1–A5. The relative weights of the indices were determined in a fuzzy state by the opinion of 30 experts, and that of the non-fuzzy state was specified by the Shannon-Entropy method. The results show that using the Shannon-Entropy method, the “aquifer harvest index” with the weight of 0.16 is the most influential factor to meet the SDGs and the “vandalism probability of on-site equipment” index with 0.028 weight is the least active index. The final results indicate that the modernization alternatives A1–A5 are scored 0.35, 0.33, 0.30, 0.68, and 0.70, respectively, in the TOPSIS technique, and 0.29, 0.18, 0.14, 0.40, 0.74 using the fuzzy TOPSIS technique.

中文翻译：

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基于可持续发展指标的农业配水操作系统的优先级

本研究使用一组代表可持续发展目标 (SDG) 的指标，调查了不同操作系统被选为农业配水现代化的可靠替代方案的潜力。这些指数包括经济方面（“运营系统的实施成本”；“水的经济价值”；“机会成本”指数），环境方面（“从含水层取水”；“二氧化碳排放”指数），社会观点（“现场设备破坏概率”；“农业配水公平”指数）和技术考虑（如“配水效率”指数）。开发并校准了水动力模拟模型，以模拟伊朗中部加兹温灌区的现状。在 MATLAB 中开发了五个实用系统，包括手动操作（A1、A2）、液压机械闸门（A3）和自动操作（A4、A5），并集成了水动力模型。针对单个替代方案 A1-A5 进行了农业用水分配实践，并定量确定了 SDGs 指数。采用多标准决策方法，根据指标与 SDGs 指标的符合程度对指标进行排名。TOPSIS方法在非模糊状态和模糊状态下对现代化备选方案A1-A5进行优先排序。模糊状态下指标的相对权重由30位专家的意见确定，非模糊状态下的相对权重采用香农熵法确定。结果表明，使用香农熵法，权重为 0 的“含水层收获指数”。16 是对满足 SDGs 影响最大的因素，权重为 0.028 的“现场设备被破坏概率”指数是最不活跃的指数。最终结果表明，现代化备选方案 A1-A5 在 TOPSIS 技术中的得分分别为 0.35、0.33、0.30、0.68 和 0.70，在模糊 TOPSIS 技术中得分分别为 0.29、0.18、0.14、0.40、0.74。