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Advances in practical feed formulation and adoption for hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂) aquaculture
Reviews in Aquaculture ( IF 8.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-23 , DOI: 10.1111/raq.12598
Leo Nankervis 1 , Jennifer M. Cobcroft 1 , Nguyen V. Nguyen 2 , Michael A. Rimmer 3
Affiliation  

Grouper aquaculture is currently trending towards production of hybrids, due to their improved growth and disease resistance. The predominant cross is between tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) females and giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) males (TGGG). Sustainable TGGG aquaculture development is limited by reliance on wild-caught ‘trash’ fish as feed rather than commercially formulated feeds. Specific TGGG nutrient requirement values remain limited, especially for larger fish that consume the highest volumes of feed. This limits the effectiveness of formulated feeds to provide optimal growth and feed conversion in an economically efficient manner. This review examines the current knowledge of hybrid grouper nutrient requirements for grow-out feeds and identifies knowledge gaps to inform further research that will enable development of cost-effective feeds that optimize fish growth, feed conversion and health. Current best practice in TGGG feeds specifies a relatively high protein requirement (53.5% crude protein), with higher arginine and lower lysine requirements than previously reported for grouper species. Like other groupers, the hybrid appears to require low lipid levels (10–14%); however, it remains to be elucidated whether this increases significantly with body size. The nutrient requirement data within this review provide a starting point for development of specific hybrid grouper feeds. However, commercialization of such feeds requires better understanding of the socio-economic context of the target industry. While formulated feeds may be more cost-effective, their implementation is limited by inferior growth compared with ‘trash’ fish. Performance gains are expected through increased understanding of size-specific nutrient requirements and specific raw material quality criteria.

中文翻译:

杂交石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂)水产养殖的实用饲料配方和应用进展

由于石斑鱼的生长和抗病性得到改善,石斑鱼水产养殖目前正朝着杂交种生产的方向发展。主要杂交种是雌性虎斑鱼 ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ) 和巨石斑鱼 ( Epinephelus lanceolatus )) 男性 (TGGG)。可持续的 TGGG 水产养殖发展受限于依赖野生捕捞的“垃圾”鱼作为饲料,而不是商业配方饲料。特定的 TGGG 营养需求值仍然有限,特别是对于消耗最多饲料量的大型鱼类。这限制了配方饲料以经济有效的方式提供最佳生长和饲料转化的有效性。这篇综述检查了目前关于成鱼饲料的杂交石斑鱼营养需求的知识,并确定了知识差距,为进一步研究提供信息,从而开发出具有成本效益的饲料,以优化鱼类生长、饲料转化和健康。目前 TGGG 饲料的最佳实践规定了相对较高的蛋白质需求(53.5% 粗蛋白),与先前报道的石斑鱼相比,其精氨酸需求量更高,赖氨酸需求量更低。像其他石斑鱼一样,这种杂种似乎需要低血脂水平(10-14%);然而,这是否会随着体型的增大而显着增加仍有待阐明。本综述中的营养需求数据为开发特定的杂交石斑鱼饲料提供了一个起点。然而,此类饲料的商业化需要更好地了解目标行业的社会经济背景。虽然配方饲料可能更具成本效益,但与“垃圾”鱼相比,它们的实施受到生长较差的限制。通过加深对特定尺寸的营养需求和特定原材料质量标准的了解,预计性能会有所提高。杂种似乎需要低血脂水平(10-14%);然而,这是否会随着体型的增大而显着增加仍有待阐明。本综述中的营养需求数据为开发特定的杂交石斑鱼饲料提供了一个起点。然而,此类饲料的商业化需要更好地了解目标行业的社会经济背景。虽然配方饲料可能更具成本效益,但与“垃圾”鱼相比,它们的实施受到生长较差的限制。通过加深对特定尺寸的营养需求和特定原材料质量标准的了解,预计性能会有所提高。杂种似乎需要低血脂水平(10-14%);然而,这是否会随着体型的增大而显着增加仍有待阐明。本综述中的营养需求数据为开发特定的杂交石斑鱼饲料提供了一个起点。然而,此类饲料的商业化需要更好地了解目标行业的社会经济背景。虽然配方饲料可能更具成本效益,但与“垃圾”鱼相比,它们的实施受到生长较差的限制。通过加深对特定尺寸的营养需求和特定原材料质量标准的了解,预计性能会有所提高。本综述中的营养需求数据为开发特定的杂交石斑鱼饲料提供了一个起点。然而,此类饲料的商业化需要更好地了解目标行业的社会经济背景。虽然配方饲料可能更具成本效益,但与“垃圾”鱼相比,它们的实施受到生长较差的限制。通过加深对特定尺寸的营养需求和特定原材料质量标准的了解,预计性能会有所提高。本综述中的营养需求数据为开发特定的杂交石斑鱼饲料提供了一个起点。然而,此类饲料的商业化需要更好地了解目标行业的社会经济背景。虽然配方饲料可能更具成本效益,但与“垃圾”鱼相比,它们的实施受到生长较差的限制。通过加深对特定尺寸的营养需求和特定原材料质量标准的了解,预计性能会有所提高。
更新日期:2021-07-23
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