In spite of its high theoretical capacity and plentiful sources, the commercial application of vanadium dioxide is still unpractical because of its poor electrical conductivity and drastic volume changes during lithium-ion storage, resulting in poor electrochemical performance and fast capacity decay. To overcome these disadvantages, a newly 2D material, named Ti₃C₂ MXenes, is introduced to VO₂ as a 3D framework via electrostatic attraction, forming Ti₃C₂@VO₂ composite with a sandwich-like architecture. In the Ti₃C₂@VO₂ composite, Ti₃C₂ play a role of three-dimensional matrix which not only strengthen the electron conductivity but also suppress the drastic volume changes of VO₂ within the process of lithiation and de-lithiation. Meanwhile, VO₂ nano particles growing between the layers of Ti₃C₂ act as the pillar to prevent multilayer Ti₃C₂ nanosheets from stacking and structure collapse. Consequently, the Ti₃C₂@VO₂ composite exhibit better electrochemical performance and tiny volume swelling (a capacity of 365.6 mAh g⁻¹ and a volume expansibility of 18.3% after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g⁻¹) than pure VO₂. In addition, the pseudocapacitive contribution ratio is 57.4 at a scan rate of 2 mV s⁻¹, which benefit from the sandwich-like structure with large surface and active sites, leading to better rate performance.

尽管二氧化钒理论容量高、来源丰富，但由于其导电性差、锂离子存储过程中体积变化剧烈，导致电化学性能差、容量衰减快，因此其商业应用仍然不切实际。为了克服这些缺点，一种名为 Ti ₃ C ₂ MXenes的新型 2D 材料通过静电引力引入 VO ₂作为 3D 框架，形成具有三明治结构的Ti ₃ C ₂ @VO ₂复合材料。在 Ti ₃ C ₂ @VO ₂复合材料中，Ti ₃ C ₂发挥三维基体的作用，不仅增强了电子导电性，而且抑制了锂化和脱锂过程中VO ₂的剧烈体积变化。同时，生长在Ti ₃ C ₂层间的VO ₂纳米颗粒作为支柱，防止多层Ti ₃ C ₂纳米片堆叠和结构坍塌。因此，Ti ₃ C ₂ @VO ₂复合材料表现出更好的电化学性能和微小的体积膨胀（容量为 365.6 mAh g ^-1，在 100 mA g ^-1的电流密度下循环 100 次后体积膨胀率为 18.3%⁻¹ ) 比纯 VO ₂。此外，在2 mV s ^-1的扫描速率下赝电容贡献率为57.4 ，这受益于具有大表面和活性位点的三明治状结构，导致更好的倍率性能。