A series of magnetic adsorbents was created by grafting selected functional ligands directly on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles (NP). The produced materials were characterized by SEM-EDS, TEM, AFM, FTIR, XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, low temperature gas sorption, and in relation to functional properties. Each of the applied ligands carried two functional groups including phosphonic acid involved in grafting, and either alcohol, thiol, amino, carboxylic- or phosphonic acid. The kinetics and thermodynamics of metal cation adsorption were investigated for Rare Earth (REE, Sm³⁺, Nd³⁺, Dy³⁺ and Tb³⁺) and Late Transition Metals (LTM, Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺) as representative for the content of magnetic materials, requiring recycling. Long linear alkyl chain (C10-C12) and, in case of phosphonic acid, even a shorter one (C6), were used to trace potential stabilization of the particles against iron leaching on desorption of adsorbed cations in acidic medium. The NP demonstrated high adsorption capacity, efficient desorption and considerable selectivity in separation of REE from LTM. Modification with ligands offers appreciable protection of magnetic particles against iron leaching.

通过将选定的功能配体直接接枝在氧化铁纳米粒子 (NP) 的表面上，产生了一系列磁性吸附剂。所生产的材料通过 SEM-EDS、TEM、AFM、FTIR、XRD、穆斯堡尔光谱、低温气体吸附和功能特性进行表征。每个应用的配体都带有两个官能团，包括参与接枝的膦酸，以及醇、硫醇、氨基、羧酸或膦酸。研究了稀土（REE、Sm ³⁺、Nd ³⁺、Dy ³⁺和Tb ³⁺）和晚期过渡金属（LTM、Co ²⁺和Ni ²⁺）的金属阳离子吸附动力学和热力学) 作为磁性材料含量的代表，需要回收利用。长直链烷基链 (C10-C12) 和在膦酸的情况下，甚至更短的烷基链 (C6) 用于追踪颗粒在酸性介质中吸附阳离子解吸时对铁浸出的潜在稳定性。NP 在从 LTM 中分离 REE 时表现出高吸附容量、高效解吸和相当大的选择性。配体改性为磁性颗粒防止铁浸出提供了可观的保护。